Volcanic contribution of chlorine to the stratosphere: more significant to ozone than previously estimated
Journal Article
·
· Science (Washington, D.C.); (United States)
Earlier estimates of the chlorine emission from volcanoes, based upon evaluations of the preeruption magmatic chlorine content, are too low for some explosive volcanoes by a factor of 20 to 40 or more. Degassing of ash erupted during 1976 by Augustine Volcano in Alaska released 525 x 10/sup 6/ kilograms of chlorine (+/- 40%), of which 82 x 10/sup 6/ to 175 x 10/sup 6/ kilograms may have been ejected into the stratosphere as hydrogen chloride. This stratospheric contribution is equivalent to 17 to 36% of the 1975 world industrial production of chlorine in fluorocarbons. 22 references, 1 table.
- Research Organization:
- Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA
- OSTI ID:
- 7135935
- Journal Information:
- Science (Washington, D.C.); (United States), Journal Name: Science (Washington, D.C.); (United States) Vol. 209; ISSN SCIEA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
500200* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACID RAIN
AIR POLLUTION
ALASKA
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS
CHEMISTRY
CHLORINE
EARTH ATMOSPHERE
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FEDERAL REGION X
FLUIDS
GASES
HALOGENS
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
MASS TRANSFER
NONMETALS
NORTH AMERICA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OZONE
POLLUTION
RAIN
STRATOSPHERE
USA
VOLCANIC GASES
VOLCANOES
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACID RAIN
AIR POLLUTION
ALASKA
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS
CHEMISTRY
CHLORINE
EARTH ATMOSPHERE
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
FEDERAL REGION X
FLUIDS
GASES
HALOGENS
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ACIDS
MASS TRANSFER
NONMETALS
NORTH AMERICA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OZONE
POLLUTION
RAIN
STRATOSPHERE
USA
VOLCANIC GASES
VOLCANOES