Cracking and spalling of oxide scale from 304 stainless steel at high temperatures

Journal Article · Sun May 01 04:00:00 EDT 1994 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2054906· OSTI ID:7108577

Zhang, Y; Shores, D A ^[1]

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1. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States). Corrosion Research Center

304 stainless steel samples were oxidized in pure flowing oxygen at 800 C for 20 h, then furnace cooled, either directly to room temperature or to an intermediate temperature, held at that temperature for 24 h and then furnace cooled to room temperature. Cracking and spalling of the oxide scale were monitored by acoustic emission (AE) technique throughout the experiment. Only a few AE events were observed during the isothermal exposure and during furnace cooling to ca. 300 C. A significant number of events was observed starting at ca. 300 C and during further cooling, with a maximum rate at ca. 150 C for continuous furnace cooling. If the cooling was interrupted at some temperature <300 C, the scale fracture process stopped, but then resumed on further cooling. To explain this behavior, it is hypothesized that the stress intensity varies locally within the scale, e.g., due to local variations of stress values or to the variation of the size of flaws across the sample. When the local stress intensity reaches a critical value, K[sub c], cracks propagate rapidly. An analysis of AE data shows that the conditions for scale cracking follow a log normal distribution with respect to average scale stress.

• DOE Contract Number: FG02-88ER45337
• OSTI ID: 7108577
• Journal Information: Journal of the Electrochemical Society; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society; (United States) Vol. 141:5; ISSN JESOAN; ISSN 0013-4651
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
360105* -- Metals &amp; Alloys-- Corrosion &amp; Erosion
ACOUSTIC EMISSION TESTING
ACOUSTIC TESTING
ALLOYS
AUSTENITIC STEELS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHROMIUM ALLOYS
CHROMIUM-NICKEL STEELS
COATINGS
CORROSION RESISTANCE
CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS
CRACK PROPAGATION
FRAGMENTATION
HEAT RESISTANT MATERIALS
HEAT RESISTING ALLOYS
HIGH ALLOY STEELS
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
MATERIALS
MATERIALS TESTING
NICKEL ALLOYS
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
OXIDATION
PROTECTIVE COATINGS
STAINLESS STEEL-304
STAINLESS STEELS
STEEL-CR19NI10
STEELS
STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS
TESTING