Chemistry of shale oil cracking
Results for thermal cracking of shale oil vapor over shale are presented. Cracking temperatures of 504 to 610/sup 0/C and residence times of 2 to 11 seconds were studied. A first-order Arrhenius rate expression and associated stoichiometry were given. Changes in oil properties caused by thermal cracking are also discussed. Cracking increases nitrogen content and decreased the H/C ratio and pour point of the recovered oil. Spectroscopic evidence related the decrease in H/C ratio to an increase in aromatic and alkene content of the oil. Gas-phase oil cracking was contrasted to liquid-phase oil coking as a loss mechanism in oil shale retorting. Results for oils prepared in the laboratory were also compared with oil prepared in the TOSCO-II semi-works and in modified and true in-situ combustion retorts. It was demonstrated that the naphthalene/2-methylnaphthalene ratio is a good indictor of cracking temperature in an oil shale retort.
- Research Organization:
- California Univ., Livermore (USA). Lawrence Livermore National Lab.
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 7086900
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-84913; CONF-800889-3
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
040401 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- In Situ Methods
True & Modified
040403* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Refining
040500 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Properties & Composition
ALKANES
ALKENES
AROMATICS
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
CRACKING
DECOMPOSITION
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
HYDROCARBONS
IN-SITU PROCESSING
KINETICS
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MATERIALS
MINERAL OILS
MODIFIED IN-SITU PROCESSES
NAPHTHALENE
OIL SHALES
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PROCESSING
PYROLYSIS
REACTION KINETICS
RETORTING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SHALE OIL
SPECTROSCOPY
THERMAL CRACKING
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TOSCO PROCESS