Exposure to emissions from gasoline within automobile cabins
- UMDNJ - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Environmental and Community Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ (United States)
Gasoline is emitted from automobiles as uncombusted fuel and via evaporation. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) from gasoline are at higher levels in roadway air than in the surrounding ambient atmosphere and penetrate into automobile cabins, thereby exposing commuters to higher levels than they would experience in other microenvironments. Measurements of VOC concentrations and carbon monoxide were made within automobiles during idling, while driving on a suburban route in New Jersey, and on a commute to New York City. Concentrations of VOC from gasoline were determined to be elevated above the ambient background levels in all microenvironments while VOC without a gasoline source were not. The variability of VOC concentrations with location within the automobile was determined to be smaller than inter-day variability during idling studies. VOC and carbon monoxide levels within the automobile cabin differed among the different routes examined. The levels were related to traffic density and were inversely related to driving speed and wind speed. Overall, daily VOC exposure for gasoline-derived compounds during winter commuting in New Jersey was estimated to range between 5 and 20% and constituted between 15 and 40% of an individual's daily exposure based on comparison to urban and suburban settings, respectively. VOC exposure during commuting in Southern California was estimated to range between 15 and 60%.
- OSTI ID:
- 7078286
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Esposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of Esposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology; (United States) Vol. 2:1; ISSN 1053-4245; ISSN JEAEE
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
020600 -- Petroleum-- Health & Safety
020900* -- Petroleum-- Environmental Aspects
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540120 -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AIR POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION MONITORING
AUTOMOBILES
CALIFORNIA
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
EMISSION
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE
EXHAUST GASES
FLUIDS
FUELS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
GASOLINE
LIQUID FUELS
MATTER
MONITORING
NEW JERSEY
NEW YORK
NEW YORK CITY
NORTH AMERICA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
POLLUTION
SEASONAL VARIATIONS
URBAN AREAS
USA
VARIATIONS
VEHICLES
VOLATILE MATTER
WASTES