Biofouling control for marine heat exchangers using intermittent chlorination
Biofouling control for marine heat exchangers is being investigated at the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii (NELH) to determine the effectiveness of low levels of chlorination in the range of 25 to 70 ppb. Two series of tests were conducted using warm surface seawater: (a) intermittent chlorination for the prevention of biofilm formation, and (b) intermittent and continuous chlorination for the removal of an established biofilm from heat exchangers exposed to flowing seawater. A relationship between the rate of removal of biofilm and chlorine consumption has been established. Tests using deep, cold water showed negligible biofouling for an extended period of time, and therefore no chlorination was needed to control of biofouling. Corrosion-resistant materials (titanium and AL-6X stainless steel) were used in these experiments.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (USA); Hawaii Univ., Manoa (USA). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity, NSTL, MS (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 7075894
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-840816-11; ON: DE84011738
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
140800* -- Solar Energy-- Ocean Energy Systems
ALLOYS
BIOLOGICAL FOULING
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATION
CHROMIUM ALLOYS
CLEANING
CONVERSION
CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOYS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY CONVERSION
FOULING
HALOGENATION
HEAT EXCHANGERS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
METALS
OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
SEAWATER
SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION
STAINLESS STEELS
STEELS
TITANIUM
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WATER