Hydrogen cycle peak-shaving on the New York State grid using fuel cells
A preliminary assessment for the Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation indicated that power system networks might be better optimized if dispersed storage devices, located close to urban areas, were available. However, some capacity would be required which could operate as stored energy peak-shaving devices and as firm capacity in either the peak-shaving or continuous intermediate generation duty region of the load curve. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis for ''Dual Mode'' operation of fuel cells as an intermediate load generation device using coal derived or distillate fuels during certain periods and as peak-shaving units in conjunction with electrolyzers at other times. In the latter case, hydrogen generated by the electrolyzer was assumed to be injected into the natural gas network during off-peak electric demand periods. During peak electric demand periods an equivalent amount of BTU's would be removed from the gas network for conversion to electricity. It is shown that fuel cell capacity in combination with electrolyzers could generate net annual savings totalling $131 million (1974 dollars), including a reduction in fuel oil consumption of 30 million barrels annually by 1989. Other power system benefits due to fuel cell performance characteristics, both static and dynamic, are analyzed. The importance of the type of converter interface selected and the corresponding system benefits are analyzed. The system benefits that can be derived from a force-commutated dc converter interface apply equally well to a dispersed dc battery storage source.
- Research Organization:
- Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., Syracuse, NY
- OSTI ID:
- 7059617
- Journal Information:
- IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst.; (United States), Journal Name: IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst.; (United States) Vol. PAS-96:2; ISSN IEPSA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL FUEL CELLS
COST
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMICS
EFFICIENCY
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTROLYSIS
ELECTROLYTIC CELLS
ENERGY SOURCES
ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT INTERFACES
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUEL CELL POWER PLANTS
FUEL CELLS
FUEL GAS
FUELS
GAS FUELS
GASES
HYDROCARBON FUEL CELLS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS
HYDROGEN GENERATORS
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
HYDROGEN STORAGE
INVERTERS
LOAD MANAGEMENT
LYSIS
MANAGEMENT
MID-ATLANTIC REGION
NATURAL GAS
NEW YORK
NORTH AMERICA
OFF-PEAK ENERGY STORAGE
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POWER PLANTS
PUBLIC UTILITIES
REFORMER PROCESSES
SIZE
STEAM REFORMER PROCESSES
STORAGE
USA
WATER