Tioga Bentonite in the Appalachian basin: Final report
The Tioga Bentonite is an interval up to 258 ft (79 m) thick with several tuff layers. It is present throughout nearly all of the central and northern portion of the Appalachian basin, but is missing in the southern Appalachian basin because of the unconformity at the base of the Chattanooga Shale. In parts of the southern Ohio outcrop belt the Tioga Bentonite is uncomformably omitted by overstep of the Ohio Shale, as is true in the Kentucky outcrops on the west side of the Appalachian basin. The Tioga Bentonite also occurs in the Illinois basin, where it is called by the same name in southwestern Indiana, Illinois, and western Kentucky. In the Michigan basin the Kawkawlin Bentonite is probably the same bed as the Tioga Bentonite middle coarse zone of the Appalachian basin. The top of the Tioga middle coarse zone marks the top of the Onesquethaw Stage of the Devonian System throughout 102,000 sq mi (265,000 sq km) in the Appalachian basin. The base of Devonian shales is diachronous in the Appalachian basin, occurring about 530 ft (160 m) below the Tioga middle coarse zone in northeastern Virginia, and about 45 ft (14 m) above the Tioga middle coarse zone in central Ohio. This report lists well and outcrop data for 763 localities where the Tioga Bentonite has been identified in the Appalachian basin. A series of detailed stratigraphic cross sections of the Tioga ash beds shows the internal stratigraphy of the Tioga Bentonite and its relation to overlying and underlying strata.
- Research Organization:
- North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill (USA). Dept. of Geology
- DOE Contract Number:
- AS05-76ET12139
- OSTI ID:
- 7057656
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/ET/12139-T1; ON: DE87002434
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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