Solid ionic: these unusual materials applications in high-energy-density
The idea that ions can diffuse as rapidly in a solid as in an aqueous salt solution may seem strange to many chemists. But a variety of solids with high ionic conductivities are known. Compounds have been discovered that conduct anions (including F/sup -/ and O/sup 2 -/) and cations (including monovalent, divalent, and trivalent cations). These substances range from hard, refractory materials, such as sodium ..beta..-alumina, through softer compounds, such as silver iodide (AgI) to the very soft polymer electrolytes. They include compounds that are stoichiometric (AgI), nonstoichiometric (sodium ..beta..-alumina), or doped (calcia-stabilized zirconia). A variety of names have been applied to these materials: among them, solid electrolytes, superionic conductors, and fast-ion conductors. Fast-ion transport in solids is a lively area of study in solid-state chemistry and physics. High-conductivity solid electrolytes have revolutionized conventional concepts of ionic compounds, and their potential uses range from high-energy-density battery and fuel-cell electrolytes to chemical sensors and from lasers to phosphors. Devices using solid electrolytes are already available commercially-oxygen detectors for automotive pollution-control systems employ solid O/sup 2 -/ electrolytes, and solid-state batteries using solid electrolytes are employed in heart pacemakers.
- Research Organization:
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL
- OSTI ID:
- 7044901
- Journal Information:
- Chem. Eng. News; (United States), Journal Name: Chem. Eng. News; (United States)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
SOLID ELECTROLYTES
REVIEWS
ALUMINIUM OXIDES
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
FABRICATION
GLASS
OXIDES
SULFIDES
USES
ZIRCONIUM OXIDES
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
CHALCOGENIDES
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTROLYTES
MATERIALS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS
360603* - Materials- Properties