Solid ionic: these unusual materials applications in high-energy-density

Journal Article · Mon May 20 04:00:00 EDT 1985 · Chem. Eng. News; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v063n020.p042· OSTI ID:7044901

Shriver, D F; Farrington, G C

The idea that ions can diffuse as rapidly in a solid as in an aqueous salt solution may seem strange to many chemists. But a variety of solids with high ionic conductivities are known. Compounds have been discovered that conduct anions (including F/sup -/ and O/sup 2 -/) and cations (including monovalent, divalent, and trivalent cations). These substances range from hard, refractory materials, such as sodium ..beta..-alumina, through softer compounds, such as silver iodide (AgI) to the very soft polymer electrolytes. They include compounds that are stoichiometric (AgI), nonstoichiometric (sodium ..beta..-alumina), or doped (calcia-stabilized zirconia). A variety of names have been applied to these materials: among them, solid electrolytes, superionic conductors, and fast-ion conductors. Fast-ion transport in solids is a lively area of study in solid-state chemistry and physics. High-conductivity solid electrolytes have revolutionized conventional concepts of ionic compounds, and their potential uses range from high-energy-density battery and fuel-cell electrolytes to chemical sensors and from lasers to phosphors. Devices using solid electrolytes are already available commercially-oxygen detectors for automotive pollution-control systems employ solid O/sup 2 -/ electrolytes, and solid-state batteries using solid electrolytes are employed in heart pacemakers.

• Research Organization: Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL
• OSTI ID: 7044901
• Journal Information: Chem. Eng. News; (United States), Journal Name: Chem. Eng. News; (United States); ISSN CENEA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
360603* -- Materials-- Properties
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
ALUMINIUM OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
DOCUMENT TYPES
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
ELECTROLYTES
FABRICATION
GLASS
MATERIALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
REVIEWS
SOLID ELECTROLYTES
SULFIDES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
USES
ZIRCONIUM COMPOUNDS
ZIRCONIUM OXIDES