Acid rain in Europe: a model approach to acid rain: linking policy and science

Journal Article · Tue Mar 01 04:00:00 EST 1988 · Environment; (United States)

OSTI ID:7000989

Hordijk, L

The RAINS (Regional Acidification Information and Simulation) model developed by European scientists can be used to analyze the effects of policy actions regarding use of alternative energies and various technologies to reduce emissions. In constructing the model, existing models were used as much as possible and linked in a single framework. Scientists from many countries have served in the model's review process. RAINS emphasizes the transboundary aspect of air pollution. Hence, spatially it covers all of Europe including the European part of the USSR, with a time horizon from 1960 to 2040. The model is currently sulfur-based because of the principal role of sulfur dioxide as a precursor of acid deposition. However, the model is being expanded to include emissions of nitrogen oxides and ammonia. RAINS consists of three linked compartments: pollutant generation, atmospheric processes, and environmental impacts. Sections are devoted to soil acidification lake acidification, other impact submodels, uncertainty analysis, and policy using science. 6 figures, 1 table.

• Research Organization: National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven (Netherlands)
• OSTI ID: 7000989
• Journal Information: Environment; (United States), Journal Name: Environment; (United States) Vol. 30:2; ISSN ENVTA
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
290300 -- Energy Planning & Policy-- Environment
Health
& Safety
500200* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACID RAIN
ACIDIFICATION
AIR POLLUTION
ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
EUROPE
FUNCTIONAL MODELS
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
LAKES
POLLUTION
RAIN
SOILS
SURFACE WATERS
TRANSFRONTIER POLLUTION