Human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat responds to T-cell activation signals
Journal Article
·
· Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, infects and kills lymphoid cells bearing the CD4 antigen. In an infected cell, a number of cellular as well as HIV-encoded gene products determine the levels of viral gene expression and HIV replication. Efficient HIV replication occurs in activated T cells. Utilizing transient expression assays, the authors show that gene expression directed by the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) increases in response to T-cell activation signals. The effects of T-cell activation and of the HIV-encoded trans-activator (TAT) are multiplicative. Analysis of mutations and deletions in the HIV LTR reveals that the region responding to T-cell activation signals is located at positions -105 to -80. These sequences are composed of two direct repeats, which are homologous to the core transcriptional enhancer elements in the simian virus 40 genome. The studies reveal that these elements function as the HIV enhancer. By acting directly on the HIV LTR, T-cell activation may play an important role in HIV gene expression and in the activation of latent HIV.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of California, San Francisco (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 7000002
- Journal Information:
- Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States), Journal Name: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.; (United States) Vol. 84:19; ISSN PNASA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
550201* -- Biochemistry-- Tracer Techniques
550701 -- Microbiology-- Tracer Techniques
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AIDS VIRUS
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBODIES
ANTIGENS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BODY FLUIDS
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
CELL CONSTITUENTS
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
CHLORAMPHENICOL
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
DNA SEQUENCING
DRUGS
ENZYME ACTIVITY
GENE REGULATION
IMMUNOLOGY
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LEUKOCYTES
LYMPHOCYTES
MACROPHAGES
MAMMALS
MAN
MATERIALS
MICROORGANISMS
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
PARASITES
PHAGOCYTES
PLASMIDS
PRIMATES
SOMATIC CELLS
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
TRANSCRIPTION
VERTEBRATES
VIRUSES
550701 -- Microbiology-- Tracer Techniques
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
AIDS VIRUS
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
ANTIBIOTICS
ANTIBODIES
ANTIGENS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BODY FLUIDS
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
CELL CONSTITUENTS
CHEMICAL ACTIVATION
CHLORAMPHENICOL
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
DNA SEQUENCING
DRUGS
ENZYME ACTIVITY
GENE REGULATION
IMMUNOLOGY
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LEUKOCYTES
LYMPHOCYTES
MACROPHAGES
MAMMALS
MAN
MATERIALS
MICROORGANISMS
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
PARASITES
PHAGOCYTES
PLASMIDS
PRIMATES
SOMATIC CELLS
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
TRANSCRIPTION
VERTEBRATES
VIRUSES