Influence of experimental pulmonary emphysema on the toxicological effects from inhaled nitrogen dioxide and diesel exhaust
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM (USA)
This project examined the influence of preexisting, experimentally induced pulmonary emphysema on the adverse health effects in rats of chronic inhalation exposure to either nitrogen dioxide or automotive diesel-engine exhaust. Previous reports indicated that humans with chronic lung disease were among those most severely affected by episodic exposures to high concentrations of airborne toxicants. There were no previous reports comparing the effects of chronic inhalation exposure to components of automotive emissions in emphysematous and normal animals. The hypothesis tested in this project was that rats with preexisting pulmonary emphysema were more susceptible than rats with normal lungs to the adverse effects of the toxicant exposures. Young adult rats were housed continuously in inhalation exposure chambers and exposed seven hours per day, five days per week, for 24 months to nitrogen dioxide at 9.5 parts per million (ppm)2, or to diesel exhaust at 3.5 mg soot/m3, or to clean air as control animals. These concentrations were selected to produce mild, but distinct, effects in rats with normal lungs. Pulmonary emphysema was induced in one-half of the rats by intratracheal instillation of the proteolytic enzyme elastase six weeks before the toxicant exposures began. Health effects were evaluated after 12, 18, and 24 months of exposure. The measurements included respiratory function, clearance of inhaled radiolabeled particles, pulmonary immune responses to instilled antigen, biochemistry and cytology of airway fluid, total lung collagen, histopathology, lung morphometry, and lung burdens of diesel soot. The significance of influences of emphysema and toxicant exposure, and interactions between influences of the two treatments, were evaluated by analysis of variance.
- OSTI ID:
- 6982840
- Journal Information:
- Research Report Health Effects Institue; (USA), Journal Name: Research Report Health Effects Institue; (USA) Vol. 30; ISSN RRHIE
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Influence of experimental pulmonary emphysema on toxicological effects from inhaled nitrogen dioxide and diesel exhaust. Research report, January 1984-September 1987
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Related Subjects
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
BODY
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHRONIC EXPOSURE
DIESEL ENGINES
DISEASES
DYNAMIC FUNCTION STUDIES
EMPHYSEMA
ENGINES
ENZYMES
EXHAUST GASES
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
HEAT ENGINES
HYDROLASES
INHALATION
INTAKE
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
LUNGS
MAMMALS
METABOLISM
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PEPTIDE HYDROLASES
RADIOISOTOPES
RATS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
RODENTS
SENSITIVITY
SERINE PROTEINASES
TOXICITY
TRACER TECHNIQUES
VERTEBRATES
WASTES