Management of waste heat at nuclear power plants: Its potential impact on the environment and its possible economic use
The efficacy of the disposal of waste heat from nuclear power plants by means of once-through and closed-cycle cooling systems is examined in the context of the physical aspects of water quality standards and guidelines for thermal discharges. Typical thermal standards for each of the four classes of water bodies (rivers, lakes, estuaries, and coastal waters) are identified. Examples of thermal standards established for once-through cooling on open coastal waters are presented. The design and general layout of various types of cooling systems are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the cooling systems are presented, with particular emphasis on the discussion of potential environmental impacts. Modeling techniques available for impact assessment are presented. Proper selection and application of the models depend on the availability of site characteristics and understanding of the modeling techniques. Guidelines for choosing an appropriate model are presented. Various methods have been developed for the beneficial use of waste heat largely dissipated to the environment. Examples and associated problems of waste-heat utilization are discussed for agricultural, industrial, aquacultural, and residential uses.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31-109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 6978182
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/NBM-7003140; ON: TI87003140; TRN: 87-005097
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
WASTE HEAT
ECONOMICS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
WASTE DISPOSAL
WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION
WASTE MANAGEMENT
ENERGY
HEAT
MANAGEMENT
NUCLEAR FACILITIES
POWER PLANTS
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION
WASTES
220503* - Nuclear Reactor Technology- Environmental Aspects- Chemical & Thermal Effluents