Xylose fermentation to ethanol
The past several years have seen tremendous progress in the understanding of xylose metabolism and in the identification, characterization, and development of strains with improved xylose fermentation characteristics. A survey of the numerous microorganisms capable of directly fermenting xylose to ethanol indicates that wild-type yeast and recombinant bacteria offer the best overall performance in terms of high yield, final ethanol concentration, and volumetric productivity. The best performing bacteria, yeast, and fungi can achieve yields greater than 0.4 g/g and final ethanol concentrations approaching 5%. Productivities remain low for most yeast and particularly for fungi, but volumetric productivities exceeding 1.0 g/L-h have been reported for xylose-fermenting bacteria. In terms of wild-type microorganisms, strains of the yeast Pichia stipitis show the most promise in the short term for direct high-yield fermentation of xylose without byproduct formation. Of the recombinant xylose-fermenting microorganisms developed, recombinant E. coli ATTC 11303 (pLOI297) exhibits the most favorable performance characteristics reported to date.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-83CH10093
- OSTI ID:
- 6975389
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/TP-421-4944; ON: DE93000067
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Development of yeasts for xylose fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation of d-xylose by yeasts. [Brettanomyces naardenensis; Candida shehatae; Candida tenuis; Pachysolen tannaphilus, Pichia segobiensis; Pichia stipitis]
Related Subjects
XYLOSE
FERMENTATION
ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS
CULTURE MEDIA
ENZYME INDUCTION
ETHANOL
GENETIC ENGINEERING
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT
OPTIMIZATION
RECOMBINANT DNA
REVIEWS
YEASTS
ALCOHOLS
ALDEHYDES
BIOCONVERSION
BIOTECHNOLOGY
CARBOHYDRATES
DNA
DOCUMENT TYPES
EUMYCOTA
FUNGI
GENE REGULATION
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
MICROORGANISMS
MONOSACCHARIDES
NUCLEIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PENTOSES
PLANTS
SACCHARIDES
090900* - Biomass Fuels- Processing- (1990-)