Exposure to chemical additives from polyvinyl chloride polymer extrusion processing
Technical Report
·
OSTI ID:6967720
The report presents a model to predict worker inhalation exposure due to off-gassing of additives during polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extrusion processing. Data on off-gassing of additives were reviewed in the literature, the off-gassing at normal PVC processing temperatures was studied in the laboratory, process variables were estimated from an equipment manufacturer survey, and worker-activities and possible exposure sources were observed in an industrial survey. The purpose of the study was to develop a theoretical model to predict worker inhalation exposure to additives used during PVC extrusion processing. A model to estimate the generation rate of the additive from the polymer extrudate was derived from the mass transport equations governing diffusion. The mass flow rate, initial additive volatile weight fraction, off-gassing time, diffusivity, and slab thickness are required to determine the generation rate from the model.
- Research Organization:
- Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6967720
- Report Number(s):
- PB-90-151770/XAB
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AIR POLLUTION
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
DECOMPOSITION
DIFFUSION
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
INDUSTRY
INHALATION
INTAKE
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
OFF-GAS SYSTEMS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
PHTHALATES
PLASTICIZERS
PLASTICS INDUSTRY
POLLUTION
POLYMERS
POLYVINYLS
PVC
PYROLYSIS
RESPIRATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TOXICITY
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AIR POLLUTION
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
DECOMPOSITION
DIFFUSION
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
INDUSTRY
INHALATION
INTAKE
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
OFF-GAS SYSTEMS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
PHTHALATES
PLASTICIZERS
PLASTICS INDUSTRY
POLLUTION
POLYMERS
POLYVINYLS
PVC
PYROLYSIS
RESPIRATION
RISK ASSESSMENT
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TOXICITY