Chemistry of glass-ceramic to metal bonding for header applications: 2. Hydrogen bubble formation during glass-ceramic to metal sealing
During the formation of a glass-ceramic to metal seal with nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718, hydrogen bubble formation was observed in the glass-ceramic. This bubble formation was caused by the reaction of dissolved metals with adsorbed water, all of which are in the glass-ceramic. The dissolved metals are present in the glass from dissociation of the Inconel 718, and the water is present in the glass prior to seal formation. To inhibit bubble formation, the glass-ceramic was spiked with 1 wt % CuO. This spiking allowed competing reactions to occur, thus causing the formation of copper and/or Cu/sub 2/O in the glass-to-metal interface and reducing bubble formation. Spiking with 1 wt % Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ also inhibited bubble formation. Thermodynamic data suggest that hydrogen formation is responsible for bubbles in a wide variety of seal systems, including glass-to-metal seals in which the metal is or contains iron, manganese, chromium, niobium, titanium, or aluminum.
- Research Organization:
- Mound Plant (MOUND), Miamisburg, OH (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76DP00053
- OSTI ID:
- 6963554
- Report Number(s):
- MLM-3403; ON: DE87004041
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Metal modification for improved glass-ceramic to metal seals: 1. Auger results on ion implantation and vapor deposition films
Effect of several surface treatments on the strength of a glass ceramic-to-metal seal
Related Subjects
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
CERAMICS
SEALS
GLASS
INCONEL 718
BUBBLES
ADDITIVES
CHROMIUM OXIDES
COPPER OXIDES
HYDROGEN
ALLOYS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHROMIUM ALLOYS
CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS
COPPER COMPOUNDS
ELEMENTS
INCONEL ALLOYS
MOLYBDENUM ALLOYS
NICKEL ALLOYS
NICKEL BASE ALLOYS
NIOBIUM ALLOYS
NONMETALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
360000* - Materials
450100 - Military Technology
Weaponry
& National Defense- Chemical Explosions & Explosives