Sources of error in analysis of municipal sludges and sludge-amended soils for Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- New Mexico State Univ., Los Cruces (USA)
The purpose of this article is to characterize the propagation of error or variance throughout all stages of a greenhouse study designed to measure plant uptake of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP from sludge-amended soils. Rapid quantitative determination of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP in municipal sludge is described for capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using selected ion monitoring with isotope dilution techniques. Propagation of error through a four-step technique is measured as an increase in variance with each additional step. Stepwise accumulated variation (as a percent-age of total error) was GC/MS analysis with data reduction, 3%; analyst (sample preparation), 8%; heterogeneity of sludge, 30%; heterogeneity in sludge-amended soil, 77%; and errors between planters, 100%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) associated with analysis of sludge alone was 16% at 51 mg kg{sup {minus}1} DEHP. Analysis precision was dependent on sample size and DEHP concentration. The RSD for a 13 mg kg{sup {minus}1} DEHP loading in soil/sludge mixtures for a greenhouse study was 26.5%. Detection limits for DEHP in sludges with rapid screening procedures were fixed by interfering extractable matrices.
- OSTI ID:
- 6958561
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Environmental Quality; (USA), Journal Name: Journal of Environmental Quality; (USA) Vol. 18:3; ISSN JEVQA; ISSN 0047-2425
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
540220* -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
ERRORS
ESTERS
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPE DILUTION
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHTHALIC ACID ESTERS
PLANTS
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SEWAGE
SEWAGE SLUDGE
SLUDGES
SOILS
SPECTROSCOPY
TRACER TECHNIQUES
UPTAKE
WASTES