Compound properties relevant for assessing the environmental partitioning of nitrophenols
Acidity constants, UV/vis absorption maxima, aqueous solubilities, octanol/water partition constants and ratios, vapor pressures, and estimated Henry's law constants are reported and discussed for 17 mono- and dinitrophenols. For substituted 2-nitrophenols in which intramolecular hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl and nitro group is not affected by proximity effects, the acidity constant K/sub a/ can be estimated from the Hammett relationship pK/sub a/ = 7.23 - 2.59 ..sigma.. sigma/sub i/ /sup (-)/. For these nitrophenols, the aqueous activity coefficient ..gamma../sub w/ of the nondissociated species is approximately independent of solute concentration, and a good correlation between octanol/water partition constant K/sub ow/ and aqueous solubility of the liquid compound C/sub w//sup sat/(L) is found: log K/sub ow/ = -0.97 log C/sub w//sup sat/(L) - 0.04 (R = 0.98). In cases in which intramolecular hydrogen bonding is disturbed or impossible, due to solute-solute interactions, C/sub w//sup sat/(L) does not yield correct information on ..gamma../sub w/ at low concentrations. The electronic effect of substituents on the octanol/water partitioning behavior of the dissociated 2-nitrophenols can be reasonably quantified by using Hammett substituent constants.
- Research Organization:
- Swiss Federal Institute for Water Resources and Water Pollution Control (EAWAG), Kastanienbaum
- OSTI ID:
- 6945286
- Journal Information:
- Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States) Vol. 22:1; ISSN ESTHA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
AROMATICS
CHEMICAL BONDS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DISPERSIONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
NITRO COMPOUNDS
NITROPHENOL
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
PHENOLS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
POLLUTION
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOLUBILITY
SOLUTIONS
SPECTRA
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA
WATER POLLUTION