Bile loss in the acute intestinal radiation syndrome in rats
The effects of bile duct ligation (BDL), choledochostomy, bile acid sequestering within the intestinal lumen by cholestyramine, and fluid and electrolyte replacement on survival time and development of diarrhea after whole-body exposure to doses of ionizing radiation that result in death from acute intestinal injury were studied. BDL significantly prolonged survival and delayed the onset of diarrhea after exposure to /sup 137/Cs gamma rays, fission neutrons, or cyclotron-produced neutrons in the range of doses that produce intestinal death or death from a combination of intestinal and hematopoietic injuries. Cannulation of the bile duct with exteriorized bile flow (choledochostomy) to protect the irradiated intestine from the mucolytic action of bile salts did not duplicate the effect of BDL in increasing survival time. Choledochostomy without fluid replacement eliminated the occurrence of diarrhea in 15.4 Gy irradiated rats. Diarrhea did occur in irradiated animals with choledochostomy if they received duodenal injections of fluid and electrolytes to replace the fluid lost as a result of bile drainage. Duodenal injection of fluid and electrolytes had no significant effect on survival time in irradiated rats. Injection of fluid and electrolytes into the peritoneal cavity of irradiated rats resulted in an increase in survival time that was comparable to that observed after BDL. Addition of antibiotics to the peritoneally injected fluid and electrolytes further increased survival time (up to 9 days). This survival time approached that seen in animals receiving the same radiation dose but which had the intestine exteriorized and shielded to minimize radiation injury to the intestine. Postmortem histological examinations of the irradiated small intestine showed mucosal regeneration in these long-term survivors receiving fluid and antibiotic therapy.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle
- OSTI ID:
- 6935786
- Journal Information:
- Radiat. Res.; (United States), Journal Name: Radiat. Res.; (United States) Vol. 1; ISSN RAREA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ABSORPTION
ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES
ANIMALS
BARYONS
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BILE
BILIARY TRACT
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
BODY
BODY FLUIDS
CESIUM 137
CESIUM ISOTOPES
DIARRHEA
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
FERMIONS
FISSION NEUTRONS
GAMMA RADIATION
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
HADRONS
INTESTINAL ABSORPTION
INTESTINES
IONIZING RADIATIONS
ISOTOPES
MAMMALS
MATERIALS
MEDICINE
NEUTRONS
NUCLEI
NUCLEONS
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ORGANS
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATION PROTECTION
RADIATION SYNDROME
RADIATIONS
RADIOISOTOPES
RATS
RODENTS
SURGERY
SURVIVAL TIME
SYMPTOMS
UPTAKE
VERTEBRATES
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES