Conventional weapons demilitarization: A health and environmental effects data-base assessment
To support studies of the health and environmental risks of such by-products, this report presents assessments of data available on parameters that affect the risks posed by explosives and their principal co-contaminants. Specifically, data-base assessments cover factors that influence the transport and fate of the contaminants in environmental media (e.g., soils, water, etc.) and subsequently, human exposures via different pathways (e.g., inhalation, ingestion, and skin absorption). Information on dose-response relationships for various toxic effects in humans and laboratory animals is evaluated so that acceptable daily intakes for noncarcinogenic substances and virtually safe dose rates for carcinogenic substances can be defined. Toxic effects on plant and aquatic species are also addressed. The explosives and co-contaminants considered include TNT (co-contaminants: 2,4-dinitrotoluene; 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene); RDX (co-contaminant: HMX); tetryl (co-contaminant: picric acid); PETN; and ammonium picrate (co-contaminant: picric acid). 358 refs., 12 figs., 92 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- DOD
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 6907613
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-21109; ON: DE90009440
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
450100* -- Military Technology
Weaponry
& National Defense-- Chemical Explosions & Explosives
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540220 -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
540320 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
550700 -- Microbiology
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AMINES
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
AROMATICS
BIODEGRADATION
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CARCINOGENS
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
CONTAMINATION
DATA BASE MANAGEMENT
DECOMPOSITION
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
ECOSYSTEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE PATHWAY
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
ESTERS
EXPLOSIONS
EXPLOSIVES
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HUMAN POPULATIONS
HUMIC ACIDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
LYSIS
MANAGEMENT
MASS TRANSFER
NITRATES
NITRIC ACID ESTERS
NITRO COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PETN
PHENOLS
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
PHOTOLYSIS
PICRIC ACID
PLANTS
POPULATIONS
PROPELLANTS
SOILS
SOLVOLYSIS
TETRYL
TNT
TOXICITY
WATER