The multiyear surface climatology of a regional atmospheric model over the western United States

Journal Article · Fri Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1993 · Journal of Climate; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0075:TMSCOA>2.0.CO;2· OSTI ID:6884350

Giorgi, F; Bates, G T; Nieman, S J ^[1]

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1. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO (United States)

This paper presents a validation analysis of the climatology of a version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research-Pennsylvania State University limited-area model (MM4) developed for application to regional climate simulation over the western United States. Two continuous multiyear simulations, for the periods 1 January 1982-31 December 1983 and 1 January 1988-25 April 1989, were performed over this region with the MM4 driven by ECMWF analyses of observations and run at a horizontal resolution of 60 km. The model used includes horizontal diffusion on terrain-following [sigma] coordinates, a Kuo-type cumulus parameterization, sophisticated radiative transfer and surface physics-soil hydrology packages, and a relaxation boundary-conditions procedure. Model-produced surface air temperatures, precipitation, and snow depths were compared with observations from about 390 stations distributed throughout the western United States. The base-model run reproduced the seasonal cycle of temperature and precipitation well. The effects of topography on the regional distribution of precipitation were well reproduced. When regionally averaged, absolute model-precipitation biases were mostly in the range of 10%-50% of observations. The model generally simulated precipitation better in the cold season than in the warm season, and over coastal regions than in the continental interior. The simulated seasonal cycles of snowpack formation and melting were realistic. Over the Rocky Mountain regions the model reproduced wintertime precipitation amounts well but over-predicted summertime precipitation. However, modifications were found to provide an improved simulation of summer precipitation while not substantially altering wintertime precipitation. This work shows that it is feasible to apply current limited-area models to climate studies. 30 refs., 12 figs., 5 tabs.

• OSTI ID: 6884350
• Journal Information: Journal of Climate; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of Climate; (United States) Vol. 6:1; ISSN JLCLEL; ISSN 0894-8755
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540110*
ANNUAL VARIATIONS
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
CLIMATE MODELS
CLIMATES
CLIMATIC CHANGE
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
EARTH ATMOSPHERE
EVALUATION
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
NORTH AMERICA
OCEANIC CIRCULATION
TOPOGRAPHY
TROPOSPHERE
USA
VARIATIONS