Refining and upgrading of synfuels from coal and oil shales by advanced catalytic processes. Quarterly report, July--September 1977

Technical Report · Sat Oct 01 04:00:00 EDT 1977

DOI:https://doi.org/10.2172/6875319· OSTI ID:6875319

Sullivan, R. F.; Rudy, C. E.; Green, D. C.; Chen, H. C.

The objective of this program is to determine the feasibility and estimate the economics of hydropreocessing four synthetic fuels to distillate fuels, including high octane gasoline, using presently available technology. The feedstocks include shale oil and three coal-derived synthetic crudes. The first feedstock is Paraho crude shale oil, produced in the indirectly heated mode. Pilot plant studies of hydrofining of whole shale oil with ICR 106 catalyst have been completed. The product resembles the fraction of a waxy petroleum crude boiling below 1000/sup 0/F. There is no 1100/sup 0/F+ residuum. A 3500-hour pilot plant run showed that the catalyst fouling rate is low and demonstrated that a commercial length run is feasible. However, a guard bed is necessary ahead of the catalyst bed to remove arsenic and iron which can cause plugging. Hydrofined shale oil is an excellent feed for a catalytic cracker. Pilot plant studies show that the 650/sup 0/F+ fraction of hydrofined shale oil is very similar to hydrofined Middle Eastern vacuum gas oils in its performance in a catalytic cracker. Process design studies based on pilot plant results indicate that it is desirable to hydrofine the whole shale oil to a nitrogen content of about 500 ppM and then to fractionate the product before conventional downstream processing to produce transportation fuels. An alternate scheme for shale oil processing is the coking of the shale oil followed by hydrofinishing of the coker distillate. Preliminary results appear promising. The second feedstock is solvent refined coal. Studies of the hydrofining of a 50/50 blend of SRC and creosote were continued. A run of 1100 hours was achieved with ICR 106 catalyst without the plugging problem that had plagued an earlier test. The catalyst deactivated at a relatively rapid rate.

• Research Organization: Chevron Research Co., Richmond, Calif. (USA)
• DOE Contract Number: EX-76-C-01-2315
• OSTI ID: 6875319
• Report Number(s): FE-2315-19
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
010405* -- Coal
Lignite
& Peat-- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
040403 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Refining
ARSENIC
CATALYSTS
CATALYTIC CRACKING
CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL LIQUEFACTION
COAL LIQUIDS
CRACKING
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS
DEACTIVATION
DECOMPOSITION
ECONOMICS
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FRACTIONATION
FUELS
GASOLINE
HYDROGENATION
IRON
LIQUEFACTION
METALS
MINERAL OILS
NITROGEN
NONMETALS
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PROCESSING
PYROLYSIS
REFINING
REMOVAL
SEMIMETALS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SHALE OIL
SOLVENT-REFINED COAL
SYNTHETIC FUELS
SYNTHETIC PETROLEUM
TRANSITION ELEMENTS