Geochemistry and geophysics of a series of natural springs in Albion, Calhoun County, Michigan
Conference
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· Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs; (United States)
OSTI ID:6838085
- Albion Coll., MI (United States). Geology Dept.
Four natural springs occur within 2 km. along the south bank of the Kalamazoo River in Albion, Michigan. Locally, the Marshall Sandstone aquifer is overlain by upper and lower glacial sand aquifers that are separated by a clay-rich confining layer. One object of the study was to compare the composition of the spring waters to those of local wells that penetrate the Marshall Sandstone and also to the county averages for glacial and sandstone aquifers. Median values in the springs are: dissolved oxygen, 2.53 mg/L; hardness, 338.6; iron, .52 mg/L; nitrate, 1.18 mg/L; phosphate, 1.54 mg/L; sulfate, 65.56 mg/L and sulfide, .069 mg/L. These values are similar to those present in a local well that draws from the Marshall Sandstone. For most elements, the concentrations are similar to the county-wide averages obtained by the Michigan Groundwater Survey for both the glacial and Marshall aquifers. Values for phosphate and nitrate are higher in both the springs and bedrock (Marshall Sandstone) well than the median values for the entire county. Geophysical analysis of the springs utilizing seismic refraction techniques indicates that a flat-lying shallow layer occurs beneath all springs. This is interpreted as the top of the Marshall Sandstone. The authors suggest that the lower glacial unit and the Marshall Sandstone are one hydrogeologic unit, and that the discharge of the springs is a result of a pattern of localized flow instead of regional flow throughout the area.
- OSTI ID:
- 6838085
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9404217--
- Conference Information:
- Journal Name: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs; (United States) Journal Volume: 26:5
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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