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Late quaternary paleoceanography of the Atlantic Ocean: foraminiferal faunal and stable-isotopic evidence

Thesis/Dissertation ·
OSTI ID:6827258

The timing, frequencies, and rates of change of tropical Atlantic climates are studied on a glacial/interglacial scale, using foraminferal faunal abundance and stable isotopic data to estimate temperatures, ice volumes, and water mass properties of the surface and deep ocean. Oxygen-isotope and radiocarbon data constrain the timing of the last deglacial transition (Termination 1) to between 14,000 and 6000 yr BP. Deglaciation was not a continuous process, but may have occurred in steps from 14,000 to 12,000 yr BP, 10,000 to 8000 yr BP, and 7000 to 6000 yr BP. Changes in the ..delta../sup 18/O of glacier ice may induce a lag of the marine ..delta../sup 18/O record behind ice volume of 1000 to 3000 years. Temperature changes estimated by foraminferal transfer functions were not detected in down-core planktonic foraminferal ..delta../sup 18/O data. Hemispheric symmetry of glacial cooling may reflect linkage to high latitude climate changes via trade wind intensities and/or directions. During deglaciation, the North Atlantic was relatively cold, the South Atlantic was relatively warm, and equatorial seasonal contrast was low. This may reflect reduction of northward cross-equatorial heat transport in the ocean, and possible monsoonal effects. Climate changes also extend to the deep ocean. At mid-depths of the tropical Atlantic, minimum Atlantic-Pacific ..delta../sup 13/C difference occurring on average during deglaciation (with a strong 23,000-yr precession cycle) suggests reduced formation of a warm component of NADW during deglaciation. A deeper sites in the North Atlantic, reduced ventilation of deep basins during glacial maxima is linked to surface-water variability of the subpolar North Atlantic.

Research Organization:
Columbia Univ., New York (USA)
OSTI ID:
6827258
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English