Gum and haze formation in motor gasoline
The formation of gum in gasoline or in pure alkanes and alkenes was accelerated by irradiation with UV light. A vacuum transfer technique was developed for recovery of gum from the liquids. Infrared analysis of the gum indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and ester functional groups. Vacuum distillation of the gum followed by functional group and elemental analyses of the distillate, residue, and original gum did not reveal any major differences between them. A three-step gum reduction process was developed in which the gum was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride, converted to iodo-compounds with potassium iodide, and the iodo-compounds reduced with zinc and hydrogen chloride. Infrared analysis of the reduced gum showed that oxygenated groups had been eliminated, indicating that the gum had been reduced essentially to hydrocarbons. The reduced gum appeared to be highly aromatic. Several oxygen and nitrogen containing compounds were added to a synthetic system of 2-heptene and isooctane or to gasoline to determine their gum-forming potential during irradiation with UV light or in storage. The gums were studied by first reducing them to hydrocarbons, then analyzing the hydrocarbons by such techniques as fractional distillation, gas-liquid chromatography, UV absorption, and mass spectroscopy. Compounds identified in the fraction of reduced gum boiling up to 188/sup 0/C were almost solely aromatic in nature, representing alkylbenzenes, indane, indene, and styrene. The higher boiling material was composed largely of naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, indanes, and indenes.
- OSTI ID:
- 6825249
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
020500 -- Petroleum-- Products & By-Products
023000 -- Petroleum-- Properties & Composition
024000* -- Petroleum-- Storage-- (-1989)
ALKANES
ALKENES
ALKYLATED AROMATICS
AROMATICS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
CONDENSED AROMATICS
DISTILLATION
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
FUELS
GASOLINE
GUMS
HEPTENES
HYDROCARBONS
INDAN
INDENE
INFRARED SPECTRA
IRRADIATION
LIQUID FUELS
MASS SPECTROSCOPY
MATERIALS TESTING
NAPHTHALENE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
RADIATIONS
REDUCTION
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SPECTRA
SPECTROSCOPY
STABILITY
STORAGE
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
STYRENE
SYNTHESIS
TESTING
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION