Steam reforming of carbo-metallic oils
A process is disclosed for economically converting carbo-metallic oils to liquid fuel products by bringing a converter feed containing 650/sup 0/ F. + material characterized by a carbon residue on pyrolysis of at least about 1 and by containing at least about 4 ppm of nickel equivalents of heavy metals, including nickel, into contact with a particulate cracking catalyst in a progressive flow type reactor having an elongated conversion zone. The suspension of catalyst and feed in the reactor has a vapor residence time in the range of about 0.5 to about 10 seconds, a temperature of about 900/sup 0/ F. to about 1400/sup 0/ F. and a pressure of about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch absolute for causing a conversion per pass in the range of about 50 to about 90 percent while depositing nickel on the catalyst and coke on the catalyst in amounts in the range of about 0.3 to about 3 percent by weight. The coke-laden catalyst is separated from the resulting stream of hydrocarbons and regenerated by combustion of the coke with oxygen, the regenerated catalyst being characterized by deposited nickel in at least a partially oxidized state and a level of carbon on catalyst of about 0.25 percent by weight or less. The regenerated catalyst is contacted with a reducing gas under reducing conditions sufficient to reduce at least a portion of the oxidized nickel deposits to a reduced state and the regenerated catalyst with reduced nickel deposits is recycled to the conversion zone for contact with fresh feed. Water is also introduced into the reactor conversion zone and the amount of water and the amount of reduced nickel on the recycled catalyst are sufficient to provide a steam reforming reaction so that hydrogen deficient components of the feed are converted to products having higher hydrogen to carbon ratios and the amount of feed converted to coke is reduced. The amount of deposited nickel on catalyst is preferably in the range from about 2,000 to about 20,000 ppm.
- Assignee:
- Ashland Oil, Inc.
- Patent Number(s):
- US 4432863
- OSTI ID:
- 6803110
- Resource Relation:
- Patent File Date: Filed date 13 May 1981; Other Information: PAT-APPL-288952
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
LIQUID FUELS
PRODUCTION
PETROLEUM
CATALYTIC CRACKING
STEAM REFORMER PROCESSES
CATALYSTS
CHEMICAL REACTORS
COKE
COMBUSTION
NICKEL
OXIDATION
OXYGEN
TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
VISCOSITY
WATER
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CRACKING
DECOMPOSITION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
METALS
NONMETALS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PYROLYSIS
REFORMER PROCESSES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
020400* - Petroleum- Processing