The Kiviter process for retorting large particle oil shale
- Oil Shale Research Institute, Kohtla-Jarve, Estonian (UA)
- V.I. Lenin PO Slantsekhim, Kohtla-Jarve, Estonian (UA)
In recent years considerable interest has been shown to the experience of commercial-scale processing of oil shale as an alternative feedstock for the production of liquid fuels. The evaluation of different retort systems, however, should be made with due consideration of the specific properties of different oil shales, influencing the efficiency of the retorting process. The author's studies of oil shale samples extracted from the world's largest oil shale formations in the USA and Brazil as well as those of kukersite (Baltic oil shale) processed in the USSR on a commercial scale, show that the latter is characterized by several technological properties which complicate it's thermal processing. Relatively high levels of specific heat consumption for the retorting process and a high organic matter content make it necessary to process kukersite in special retorting systems. Due to the specific properties of kukersite the concept employing cross current flow of heat carrier gas through the shale bed proved to be most acceptable for the retorting of this particular shale. Compared with the traditionally employed counter current flow of heat carrier gas this concept is more preferable providing for more uniform distribution of the heat carrier through the fuel bed. It enables to modify the height of the retorting chamber and thus to practically eliminate the dependence of the unit throughput rate on the velocity of the heat carrier gas in the retorting chamber, and to perform the process in a thin oil shale bed. The authors discuss how generators employing cross current heat carrier flow (the Kiviter process) are widely applied in the U.S.S.R. for retorting of kukersite, characterized by a high organic content and bituminization upon heating.
- OSTI ID:
- 6776602
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-8904193--
- Journal Information:
- Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings; (USA), Journal Name: Oil Shale Symposium Proceedings; (USA) Vol. 22; ISSN OSSPD
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
040401* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- In Situ Methods
True & Modified
040403 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Refining
040500 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Properties & Composition
040800 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Economics
Industrial
& Business Aspects
ASIA
BITUMENS
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
BRAZIL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DECOMPOSITION
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
EASTERN EUROPE
ENERGY SOURCES
EUROPE
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
IN-SITU PROCESSING
IN-SITU RETORTING
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
INDUSTRY
KIVITER PROCESS
LATIN AMERICA
LIQUID FUELS
MATERIALS
NORTH AMERICA
OIL SHALE INDUSTRY
OIL SHALE PROCESSING PLANTS
OIL SHALES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PROCESSING
RETORTING
SOUTH AMERICA
TAR
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
USA
USSR