Observations on water system and pipeline performance in the Limon area of Costa Rica due to the April 22, 1991 earthquake. Technical report
The document focuses on earthquake damage to water and oil pipelines, water supply, and water treatment following the 22 April 1991 Costa Rica Earthquake. The moment magnitude 7.5 earthquake occurred approximately 40 km south-southwest of Limon, and resulted in a coseismic uplift of up to 1.5 meters along Costa Rica's east coast. The report also provides an overview of the engineering aspects of the event and recovery activities. Turbidity in the watershed which provides Limon's primary water supply increased to as high as 2.4 percent solids, making it extremely difficult to treat. In addition, the water treatment plant was damaged by the earthquake. Cast iron, ductile iron and reinforced concrete cylinder pipe water transmission lines were damaged by both wave propagation and permanent ground deformation. Water distribution piping, also including PVC and galvanized iron, was similarly impacted. Documentation and evaluation of that damage is described, and compared with empirical estimates from previous earthquakes. Twin 150 mm (6 in), 100 km long, oil transmission lines suffered only a single failure from wrinkling. A description of the pipelines and the failure is provided.
- Research Organization:
- National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Buffalo, NY (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 6770367
- Report Number(s):
- PB-93-126811/XAB; NCEER-92-0017; CNN: NSF-BCS-90-25010; NEC-91029
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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POLICY AND ECONOMY
02 PETROLEUM
58 GEOSCIENCES
COSTA RICA
EARTHQUAKES
SEISMIC EFFECTS
PIPELINES
DAMAGE
CAST IRON
DEFORMATION
ENGINEERING
METERS
PETROLEUM INDUSTRY
PVC
REINFORCED CONCRETE
SOLIDS
TURBIDITY
WATER SUPPLY
WATER TREATMENT
WATERSHEDS
WAVE PROPAGATION
ALLOYS
BUILDING MATERIALS
CARBIDES
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CENTRAL AMERICA
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
CONCRETES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
INDUSTRY
IRON ALLOYS
IRON BASE ALLOYS
IRON CARBIDES
IRON COMPOUNDS
LATIN AMERICA
MATERIALS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
POLYMERS
POLYVINYLS
REINFORCED MATERIALS
SEISMIC EVENTS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
290300* - Energy Planning & Policy- Environment
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022000 - Petroleum- Transport
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020600 - Petroleum- Health & Safety
580000 - Geosciences