Long-term problems of land contaminated by nonradioactive hazardous chemicals: Sources, impacts, and countermeasures: Environmental Sciences Division publication No. 2823

Technical Report · Thu Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1987

OSTI ID:6765305

Baes, III, C F; Garten, Jr, C T; Tolbert, V R

This report examines the environmental behavior and fate of nonradioactive hazardous chemicals, methods for assessing environmental impacts, and alternatives for achieving land decontamination and cleanup. Nonradioactive hazardous chemicals can be reactive, corrosive, or toxic. Reactive chemicals may be explosive, flammable, or capable of undergoing spontaneous change upon exposure to air, water, or a mixture of other chemicals. Toxic chemicals have a high probability of being carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, or lethal to humans and wildlife. Three types of simple models are currently in use for assessing ecotoxicological hazard of hazardous chemicals: the benchmark approach; the Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship models; and screening models are evaluated. Cleanup of hazardous contaminants on land may involve dispersal, removal and storage, stabilization, or treatment. Both dispersal and removal/storage alleviate acute, local, immediate threats, but additional remedial action may eventually be necessary. Stabilization and treatment are more permanent solutions. Stabilization involves methods to isolate the contaminant or limit its dispersal. Treatment involves biological, chemical, and physical approaches to detoxify or destroy the hazardous chemicals.

• Research Organization: Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-84OR21400
• OSTI ID: 6765305
• Report Number(s): ORNL-6239; ON: DE87006008
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

510200* -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS
AROMATICS
BIPHENYL
CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS
CHLORINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
CONTROL
DIOXIN
ECONOMICS
ECOSYSTEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE PATHWAY
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
FOOD CHAINS
FURANS
HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
LAND POLLUTION CONTROL
MATERIALS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PESTICIDES
PLANNING
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION SOURCES
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
SOILS