Adsorption of aniline and toluidines on montmorillonite: Implications for the disposal of shale oil production wastes
Bentonite clay liners are commonly employed to mitigate the movement of contaminants from waste disposal sites. Solid and liquid waste materials that arise from the production of shale oil contain a vast array of organic compounds. Common among these compounds are the aromatic amines. in order to assess the ability of clay liner material to restrict organic compound mobility, the adsorption of aniline and o-, m-, and p-toluidine on Ca[sup 2+] - and K[sup +]-saturated Wyoming bentonite was investigated. Adsorption experiments were performed under conditions of varied pH, ionic strength, and dominate electrolyte cation and anion. organic adsorption on Ca[sup 2+] - and K[sup +]-saturated montmorillonite is pH dependent. For any given organic compound, maximum adsorption increases with decreasing ionic strength. organic compound adsorption is inhibited in the presence of sulfate and is greater in the Ca[sup 2+] systems than in the K[sup +] systems at any given ionic strength. High salt content and K[sup +] collapse the bentonite layers and limit access to and compete for adsorption sites. The K[sup +] ion is also more difficult to displace than Ca[sup 2+] from interlayer positions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic data show that the aniline compounds are adsorbed on bentonite through the hydrogen bonding of an amine hydrogen to a surface silica oxygen. Sulfate reduces amine adsorption by removing positively charged anilinium species from solution to form negatively charge sulfate complexes. Although adsorption of the substituted amines on bentonite is observed, aniline and toluidine adsorption is minimal in saline systems and not detected in alkaline systems. Thus, in shale oil process waste disposal sites, the mobility of the anilines through bentonite liners will not be mitigated by sorption processes, as spent oil shale leachates are both highly alkaline and saline.
- Research Organization:
- Western Research Inst., Laramie, WY (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- FC21-86MC11076
- OSTI ID:
- 6745527
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/MC/11076-3198; ON: DE93000237
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Adsorption of aniline and toluidines on montmorillonite
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Related Subjects
ANILINE
ADSORPTION
BENTONITE
SORPTIVE PROPERTIES
OIL SHALE PROCESSING PLANTS
WASTE DISPOSAL
TOLUIDINES
CLAYS
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
LEACHING
LINERS
LIQUID WASTES
PH VALUE
SOLID WASTES
SPENT SHALES
AMINES
AROMATICS
DATA
DISSOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
INFORMATION
INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS
ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS
MANAGEMENT
MATERIALS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SORPTION
SURFACE PROPERTIES
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTES
040900* - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Waste management