Ground water monitoring statistics update. Part 1: Progress since 1988

Journal Article · · Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1994.tb00493.x· OSTI ID:6724554

Davis, C B; McNichols, R J

Current federal ground water monitoring statistical regulation dates from the revised RCRA Subtitle C Final Rule of 1988. That rule was a considerable advance over previous RCRA statistical rules. However, two major problem areas remained: facility-wide false positive rate (FWFPR) control and spatial variability. Progress has been made in the 1991 Subtitle D Final Rule and in guidance; the 1992 Addendum to Interim Final Guidance in particular includes a substantial conceptual advance toward resolving the FWFPR problem. Other areas of improvement include normality testing and distribution assumptions, dropping the four independent samples per monitoring period requirement, allowing a preliminary evaluation short of a 40 CFR Part 258 Appendix 2 assessment upon finding a statistically significant increase, and suggesting superior alternatives to analyses of variance (ANOVAs) and tests of proportions. The problem of dealing with natural spatial variability remains. Although certain techniques listed in the regulations can control for inherent spatial variability and the performance standards require doing so when necessary, little attention has been paid to the ubiquity of such spatial variation. Moreover, regulatory traditions favoring upgradient-downgradient comparisons often make control of natural spatial variation difficult and ineffective. With new, lined facilities easily implemented statistical solutions are available; however, dealing with the several existing solid waste facilities which will now be regulated under Subtitle D will present major challenges. In short, the 1988 revision of the Subtitle C rules made it more possible to provide statistically sound monitoring programs, and there has been steady progress since then. Challenges remain, however. These vary from state to state, particularly with regard to controlling false positives and false negatives in the presence of natural spatial variability.

• OSTI ID: 6724554
• Journal Information: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation; (United States), Journal Name: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation; (United States) Vol. 14:4; ISSN 1069-3629; ISSN GWMREV
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540220* -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
COMPLIANCE
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
GROUND WATER
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
LAWS
MONITORING
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTANTS
RESOURCE RECOVERY ACTS
WATER
WATER QUALITY