Mutagens in cooked foods: isolation, metabolism and genetic toxicity
Recently developed in our laboratories is an efficient extraction procedure incorporating XAD resin adsorption which yields from grilled ground beef cooked at 200 degrees C for 6 min per side an extract containing 230 Salmonella TA1538 rev. per g fresh weight of original ground beef. At higher temperatures (300 degrees C) and longer cooking times (10 min per side) up to 1500 rev per g fresh weight of meat can be recovered. These mutagenic components are specific for frameshift-sensitive Salmonella strains and have an absolute requirement for metabolic activation. Human liver microsomes and beta-naphthoflavone-induced rodent intestinal S9 were also active metabolizing fractions. Further purification of the extract by acidic and basic liquid/liquid extractions and a series of high performance liquid chromatography separations (both reverse- and normal-phase) resulted in the identification of at least 8 and possibly 10 distinct mutagenic aromatic amines. These potent mutagens are present in the original uncooked meat at 0.1 to 10 parts per billion. Two potent thermally-produced bacterial mutagens, Trp-P-2 (a pyrolysis product generated by high temperature cooking of sardines) and IQ (a minor component of pan fried hamburger but a major component of beef extract) were examined in mammalian cells. In excision repair-deficient CHO cells, Trp-P-2 exposure caused cytotoxicity, mutagenicity (thioguanine and azaadenine resistances), sister chromatid exchange, and chromosomal aberrations at concentrations more than 30-fold lower than those for IQ. In normal repair-proficient CHO cells Trp-P-2 was one-half as active and IQ was inactive. Relative to Trp-P-2, IQ is much more potent in the Salmonella bacterial system than in mammalian CHO cells. 14 references, 1 table.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA); California Univ., Berkeley (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 6660666
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-90941; CONF-8406168-1; ON: DE84013720
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AMINES
AROMATICS
FOOD
FOOD PROCESSING
HEAT TREATMENTS
MEAT
METABOLIC ACTIVATION
METABOLITES
MUTAGEN SCREENING
MUTAGENS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PROCESSING
SCREENING