The role of mitochondria in chromium carcinogenesis

Thesis/Dissertation · Thu Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1987

OSTI ID:6646254

Rossi, S C ^[1]

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1. Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (USA)

The uptake and reduction of chromium(VI) compounds are crucial to their carcinogenicity. Many cellular systems have been shown to reduce chromium(VI). The ability of mitochondria to reduce chromate in vitro was investigated using rat liver submitochondrial particles (SMPs), which contain the electron transport chain, and isolated rat liver mitochondria. SMPs with NADH as substrate reduced chromate as shown by EPR and UV-VIS spectroscopic studies. Chromate was reduced to a chromium(V) species, which was detectable by EPR. SMPs with succinate as substrate were less effective in reducing chromate relative to NADH-driven chromate-reductase activity. SMPs show a higher rate of oxygen depletion with NADH as substrate as compared to succinate as substrate. In SMPs with NADH as substrate, rotenone, antimycin and cyanide all produced a {approx}40% inhibition of chromate-reductase activity. In SMPs with succinate as substrate, cyanide and antimycin produced {approx}50% inhibition of chromate-reductase activity and rotenone caused no detectable inhibition. In vivo studies of rats injected with sodium dichromate spiked with {sup 51}Cr showed that after 24 hr, chromium was bound preferentially to mitochondrial DNA relative to nuclear DNA by a factor of {approximately}1500.

• Research Organization: Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH (USA)
• OSTI ID: 6646254
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

550501 -- Metabolism-- Tracer Techniques
560300* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
BODY
CARCINOGENESIS
CELL CONSTITUENTS
CHROMIUM
CHROMIUM 51
CHROMIUM ISOTOPES
COENZYMES
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES
ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE
ELECTRON TRANSFER
ELEMENTS
ENZYME ACTIVITY
ENZYME INHIBITORS
ENZYMES
EVEN-ODD NUCLEI
FUNCTIONS
GLANDS
IN VITRO
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
LIVER
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
MAMMALS
METABOLIC ACTIVATION
METABOLISM
METALS
MITOCHONDRIA
NADH2
NUCLEI
NUCLEOTIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANOIDS
ORGANS
OXIDOREDUCTASES
PATHOGENESIS
RADIOISOTOPES
RATS
RESONANCE
RODENTS
SPECTRA
TRACER TECHNIQUES
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA
VERTEBRATES