Formate and acetate in monsoon rainwater of Agra, India

Journal Article · Sat Mar 20 04:00:00 EST 1993 · Journal of Geophysical Research; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD02664· OSTI ID:6618872

Kumar, N; Kulshrestha, U C; Saxena, A; Kumari, K M; Srivastava, S S ^[1]

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1. Dayalbagh Educational Inst., Agra (India)

Formate and acetate concentrations were estimated using ion chromatography in 19 precipitation samples collected on an eventwise basis during the monsoon season (July through September), 1991, at Dayalbagh, Agra. Volume-weighted average (VWA) concentrations for formate and acetate were 5.8 and 6.55 [mu]molL[sup [minus]1], respectively. The VWA hydrogen ion concentration was 0.084 [mu]eq L[sub [minus]1] (pH 7.07) and the correlation coefficient between the two ions was 0.85. The average formate to acetate ratio was low (0.88), possibly due to an increase in acetate contribution from direct emissions associated with heavy vehicular traffic load and/or indirect acetate formation by alkaline hydrolysis of PAN. Widespread local use of biomass as a domestic fuel may also contribute acetate. In 4 of the 19 precipitation events studied, higher values of both species were recorded. Contributions from soil in addition to vegetation, were suspected in these samples. Inputs from soil and combustion activities were supported by correlations among formate, acetate and Ca[sup 2+] (terrigenous species), K[sup +], SO[sub 4][sup 2[minus]] and NO[sub 3][sup 1[minus]]. 16 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.

• OSTI ID: 6618872
• Journal Information: Journal of Geophysical Research; (United States), Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research; (United States) Vol. 98:D3; ISSN JGREA2; ISSN 0148-0227
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540120* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
540320 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
ACETATES
ACID RAIN
ALKALINE HYDROLYSIS
ASIA
ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS
BIOMASS
CALCIUM IONS
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHARGED PARTICLES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COMBUSTION
CORRELATIONS
DECOMPOSITION
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DISASTERS
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
ENERGY SOURCES
FORMATES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN IONS
HYDROLYSIS
INDIA
IONS
LYSIS
MONSOONS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
OXIDATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POTASSIUM IONS
PRECIPITATION
RAIN
RAIN WATER
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOLVOLYSIS
STORMS
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR OXIDES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
WATER