Propagation and confinement of energetic electrons in solar flares
The propagation, confinement, and total energy of energetic (>25 keV) electrons in solar flares are examined through a brief review of the following hard x-ray measurements: (1) spatially resolved observations obtained by imaging instruments; (2) stereoscopic observations of partially occulted sources providing radial (vertical) spatial resolution; and (3) directivity of the emission measured through stereoscopic observations and the center-to-limb variation of the occurrence frequency of hard X ray flares. The characteristics of the energetic electrons are found to be quite distinct in impulsive and gradual hard x-ray flares. In impulsive flares, the nonthermal electron spectrum seems to extend down to about 2 keV indicating that the total energy of nonthermal electrons is much larger than that assumed in the past.
- Research Organization:
- California Univ., Berkeley (USA). Space Sciences Lab.
- OSTI ID:
- 6594688
- Report Number(s):
- AD-A-199577/8/XAB
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
CONFINEMENT
DISTRIBUTION
ELECTRON SPECTRA
ELECTRONS
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
ENERGY SPECTRA
FERMIONS
IMAGES
LEPTONS
PULSES
RADIATIONS
RESOLUTION
SOLAR ACTIVITY
SOLAR ELECTRONS
SOLAR FLARES
SOLAR PARTICLES
SOLAR RADIATION
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
SPECTRA
STELLAR RADIATION