Micrometeorological gradient approach for quantifying air/surface exchange of mercury vapor: Tests over contaminated soils

Journal Article · Sun Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1995 · Environmental Science and Technology; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es00001a016· OSTI ID:6594546

Lindberg, S E; Kim, K H; Owens, J G ^[1]; Tilden, P M ^[2]

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1. Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
2. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

The micrometerological modified Bowen ratio method was used for the first time to quantify fluxes of elemental mercury vapor (Hg[sup 0]) over contaminated soils during the spring and fall of 1993. We determined fluxes using relationships among the concentration gradients and fluxes of water vapor (measured with fast-response sensors and eddy correlation) and measured gradients in Hg[sup 0] (sampled with a multi-replicate, high-precision device). The contaminated soils consistently exhibited significant emission of Hg[sup 0] to the atmosphere. Fluxes associated with winds from the primary source area ranged from [approximately]10 to [approximately]200 ng m[sup [minus]2] h[sup [minus]1], up to several orders of magnitude above background. Fluxes increased exponentially with soil temperature, yielding a temperature coefficient similar to nitrogen oxide (exp[<(0.065 [+-] 0.011)> T[sub soil]], for T[sub soil] = 7-29[degrees]C). These results provided confidence in the method for Hg[sup 0] because the gradients and fluxes behaved predictably. Fluxes appear to be controlled by volatilization of existing contaminant elemental Hg plus reduction of Hg[sup 2+] to Hg[sup 0] in soil solution. We modeled the emission from an area of contaminated soils within approximately 20-50 m of our site using the flux/soil temperature relationship and annual temperature data. 55 refs., 8 figs., 1 tab.

• OSTI ID: 6594546
• Journal Information: Environmental Science and Technology; (United States), Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology; (United States) Vol. 29:1; ISSN ESTHAG; ISSN 0013-936X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
400201 -- Chemical &amp; Physicochemical Properties
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540220* -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring &amp; Transport-- (1990-)
BIOLOGICAL ACCUMULATION
CONCENTRATION RATIO
DATA
ELEMENTS
EMISSION
ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
FLUIDS
GASES
INFORMATION
MASS TRANSFER
MERCURY
METALS
METEOROLOGY
NUMERICAL DATA
SOILS
TESTING
VAPORS