Study on scale formation and suppression in heat-exchange systems for simulated geothermal brines. Final report, January 12, 1976-March 5, 1978
Control of scale formation in heat exchangers using simulated geothermal waters can be achieved by lowering the pH of the water to pH 6 or lower. This does not, however, appear to be an economic approach for highly buffered geothermal brines and would lead to severe corrosion problems. Two commercial scale control agents, Calgon CL-165 and Monsanto Dequest 2060, showed promise of effecting scaling in a minor way and should be tested further on actual geothermal waters. Other scale control methods tested were unsuccessful. These included seeding experiments, turbulence promotin and electostatic and electromagnetic devices reputated to modify scale formation. The experiments were performed with tube-in-shell heat exchangers using simulated geothermal waters prepared from a salt dome solution based brine. The scale formed was primarily silica with a small percent of calcium carbonate and traces of magnesium and iron. Physically it was a hydrous soft solid adhering only lightly to the heat exchange surface. This is not typical of geothermal water scales encountered in high temperature brine operations and the results of the scale control expeirments should be evaluated with that in mind.
- Research Organization:
- Dow Chemical U.S.A., Freeport, TX. Texas Div.
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-76ET28321
- OSTI ID:
- 6594507
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/ET/28321-T1; COO-2833-1; ON: DE83006519
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
150903* -- Geothermal Engineering-- Corrosion
Scaling & Materials Development
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
BRINES
CALCIUM CARBONATES
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBONATES
CHALCOGENIDES
CONTROL
CORROSION INHIBITORS
CORROSIVE EFFECTS
ELEMENTS
FLUIDS
GEOTHERMAL FLUIDS
Geothermal Legacy
HEAT EXCHANGERS
IRON
MAGNESIUM
METALS
MINERALS
OXIDE MINERALS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PH VALUE
SCALE CONTROL
SCALING
SILICA
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SILICON OXIDES
TRANSITION ELEMENTS