Mathematical modeling of modified in situ and aboveground oil shale retorting: Revision 1
A one-dimensional mathematical model has been developed for simulating the chemicophysical processes involved in the vertical retorting of a rubblized bed of oil shale. Included are those processes believed to have the most important effects in either the hot-gas retorting mode or the forward combustion mode. The physical processes are axial convective transport of heat and mass, axial thermal dispersion, gas-solid heat transfer, intraparticle shale thermal conductivity, water vaporization and condensation, wall heat loss, and movement of shale countercurrent to the flow of gas. The chemical reactions within the shale particles are release of bound water, pyrolysis of kerogen, coking of oil, pyrolysis of char, decomposition of carbonate minerals, and gasification of residual organic carbon with CO/sub 2/, H/sub 2/O, and O/sub 2/. The chemical reactions in the bulk-gas stream are combustion and cracking of oil vapor, combustion of H/sub 2/, CH/sub 4/, CH/sub x/, and CO, and the water-gas shift. The governing equations for mass and energy balance are solved numerically by a semi-implicit, finite-difference method. The bulk-gas flow rate, as well as the composition and temperature of both the gas stream and the shale particles, are calculated as a function of time and location in the retort. 60 refs.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 6586124
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-53119-Rev.1; ON: DE89002819
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
040401* -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- In Situ Methods
True & Modified
040402 -- Oil Shales & Tar Sands-- Surface Methods
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS
990230 -- Mathematics & Mathematical Models-- (1987-1989)
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARBONIZATION
CHALCOGENIDES
CHARS
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COKING
COMBUSTION
CRACKING
DECOMPOSITION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY BALANCE
ENERGY SOURCES
ENERGY TRANSFER
FLOW RATE
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GASIFICATION
HEAT TRANSFER
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN
IN-SITU PROCESSING
IN-SITU RETORTING
KEROGEN
KINETICS
MATERIALS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
MINERALS
NONMETALS
OIL SHALES
ONE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC MATTER
OXIDATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PROCESSING
PYROLYSIS
PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS
REACTION KINETICS
RETORTING
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES