Analysis of batteries for use in photovoltaic systems. Final report
An evaluation of 11 types of secondary batteries for energy storage in photovoltaic electric power systems is given. The evaluation was based on six specific application scenarios which were selected to represent the diverse requirements of various photovoltaic systems. Electrical load characteristics and solar insulation data were first obtained for each application scenario. A computer-based simulation program, SOLSIM, was then developed to determine optimal sizes for battery, solar array, and power conditioning systems. Projected service lives and battery costs were used to estimate life-cycle costs for each candidate battery type. The evaluation considered battery life-cycle cost, safety and health effects associated with battery operation, and reliability/maintainability. The 11 battery types were: lead-acid, nickel-zinc, nickel-iron, nickel-hydrogen, lithium-iron sulfide, calcium-iron sulfide, sodium-sulfur, zinc-chlorine, zinc-bromine, Redox, and zinc-ferricyanide. The six application scenarios were: (1) a single-family house in Denver, Colorado (photovoltaic system connected to the utility line); (2) a remote village in equatorial Africa (stand-alone power system); (3) a dairy farm in Howard County, Maryland (onsite generator for backup power); (4) a 50,000 square foot office building in Washington, DC (onsite generator backup); (5) a community in central Arizona with a population of 10,000 (battery to be used for dedicated energy storage for a utility grid-connected photovoltaic power plant); and (6) a military field telephone office with a constant 300 W load (trailer-mounted auxiliary generator backup). Recommendations for a research and development program on battery energy storage for photovoltaic applications are given, and a discussion of electrical interfacing problems for utility line-connected photovoltaic power systems is included. (WHK)
- Research Organization:
- Hittman Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD (USA)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC01-79ET25202
- OSTI ID:
- 6580027
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/ET/25202-1(Vol.1)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
25 ENERGY STORAGE
30 DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
LIFE-CYCLE COST
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SUPPLIES
REDOX FUEL CELLS
EVALUATION
COMMUNITIES
COMPUTER CALCULATIONS
ELECTRIC UTILITIES
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
EQUIPMENT INTERFACES
FARMS
GRAPHS
HOUSES
INTERCONNECTED POWER SYSTEMS
IRON-NICKEL BATTERIES
LEAD-ACID BATTERIES
MAINTENANCE
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
MILITARY FACILITIES
NICKEL-HYDROGEN BATTERIES
NICKEL-ZINC BATTERIES
OFFICE BUILDINGS
ON-SITE POWER GENERATION
POWER DEMAND
RELIABILITY
REMOTE AREAS
SAFETY
SIZE
SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
TABLES
THEORETICAL DATA
ZINC-BROMINE BATTERIES
ZINC-CHLORINE BATTERIES
BUILDINGS
COST
DATA
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERTERS
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
ENERGY SYSTEMS
EQUIPMENT
FUEL CELLS
INFORMATION
METAL-GAS BATTERIES
METAL-METAL OXIDE BATTERIES
NUMERICAL DATA
POWER GENERATION
POWER SUPPLIES
POWER SYSTEMS
PUBLIC UTILITIES
REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
SOLAR EQUIPMENT
140600* - Solar Energy- Photovoltaic Power Systems
250904 - Energy Storage- Batteries- Other Applications
300504 - Fuel Cells- Applications