Energy and materials flows in the production of liquid and gaseous oxygen
Liquid and gaseous oxygen is produced in an energy-intensive air separation processo that also generates nitrogen. More than 65% of the cost of oxygen is attributable to energy costs. Energy use and materials flows are analyzed for various air separation methods. Effective approaches to energy and material conservation in air separation plants include efficient removal of contaminants (carbon dioxide and water), centralization of air products user-industries so that large air separation plants are cost-effective and the energy use in transportation is minimized, and increased production of nitrogen. Air separation plants can produce more than three times more nitrogen than oxygen, but present markets demand, at most, only 1.5 times more. Full utlization of liquid and gaseous nitrogen should be encouraged, so that the wasted separation energy is minimized. There are potential markets for nitrogen in, for example, cryogenic separation of metallic and plastic wastes, cryogenic particle size reduction, and production of ammonia for fertilizer.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 6574363
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CNSV-15
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
320300* -- Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization-- Industrial & Agricultural Processes
ADSORPTION
AIR
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
COST
DATA
DATA COMPILATION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY BALANCE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
FLUIDS
GASES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INDUSTRY
INFORMATION
LIQUEFACTION
MATERIAL BALANCE
MATERIALS
NITROGEN
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
OXIDES
OXYGEN
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PRODUCTION
REGIONAL ANALYSIS
REMOVAL
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SORPTION
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
USES
WATER
320300* -- Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization-- Industrial & Agricultural Processes
ADSORPTION
AIR
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON OXIDES
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY
COST
DATA
DATA COMPILATION
ELEMENTS
ENERGY BALANCE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
FLUIDS
GASES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INDUSTRY
INFORMATION
LIQUEFACTION
MATERIAL BALANCE
MATERIALS
NITROGEN
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
OXIDES
OXYGEN
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PRODUCTION
REGIONAL ANALYSIS
REMOVAL
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SORPTION
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
USES
WATER