System design study to reduce capital and operating costs and bench-scale testing of a circulating bed AFB advanced concept, Phase 2, Task 4: Conduct circulating-bed performance testing Final report
Kellogg designed and built, using its own funds, a bench plant to further develop the process. This unit centered on a 6-inch diameter riser, approximately 60 feet long, located above an expanded-diameter combustor section used for initial contacting of coal feed with primary combustion air and circulating sorbent. The unit design philosophy was to make it, to the degree possible, geometrically similar to the commercial design concept, thereby providing a means for collecting scale-up data in a close simulation of the full-scale unit. The emphasis was on removal of 90% or more of the SO/sub 2/ and emission of 0.1 lb/MM Btu or less of NO/sub x/ in steady-state operations. The variables chosen were gas residence time, coal particle size, primary-to-secondary air ratio, location of secondary air introduction, excess air level, and temperature. A total of 56 tests were carried out. For both fuels and both coal sizes, a 96 to 99% removal of SO/sub 2/ and a 0.04 to 0.08 lb/MM Btu of NO/sub x/ emission level have been achieved in a large number of tests. Primary air is identified as a key variable. The SO/sub 2/ removal drops off sharply when the primary air is below 80% of the stoichiometric amount required. A low level of NO/sub x/ emissions occurs over a wider range of primary air. The effect of temperature, for the chosen range of 1500 to 1650/sup 0/F, is minor on both SO/sub 2/ removal and NO/sub x/ emissions. Essentially complete combustion of coal is observed for the entire temperature range. Comparison between the test results and the predictions from the computer model for the tests analyzed demonstrates that the model can be used for design scale-up and performance prediction. 15 refs., 11 figs., 33 tabs.
- Research Organization:
- Kellogg (M.W.) Co., Houston, TX (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC21-84MC21173
- OSTI ID:
- 6570035
- Report Number(s):
- DOE/MC/21173-2343; ON: DE87008047
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
42 ENGINEERING
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTORS
BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS
DESIGN
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
VALIDATION
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
BITUMINOUS COAL
CAPITALIZED COST
CIRCULATING SYSTEMS
COAL
COKE
COMMERCIALIZATION
CYCLONE SEPARATORS
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
EFFICIENCY
FLUIDIZED-BED COMBUSTION
FUEL-AIR RATIO
GAS ANALYSIS
LIMESTONE
NITROGEN OXIDES
OPERATING COST
PARTICLE SIZE
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
RECOMMENDATIONS
SULFUR DIOXIDE
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
TEST FACILITIES
VELOCITY
BLACK COAL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARBONATE ROCKS
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTORS
CONCENTRATORS
CONTROL
COST
ECONOMICS
ENERGY SOURCES
EQUIPMENT
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
INERTIAL SEPARATORS
MATERIALS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OXIDATION
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
SEPARATION EQUIPMENT
SIZE
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR OXIDES
TESTING
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
014000* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Combustion
421000 - Engineering- Combustion Systems