Comparison of extraction techniques for munitions residues in soil
Extraction of trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrobenzene (TNB), hexahydrotrinitrotriazine (RDX), and octahydrotetranitrotetrazocine (HMX) from two soils was studied in terms of process kinetics and recovery. Two solvents, acetonitrile and methanol, and four extraction techniques, Soxhlet, ultrasonic bath, mechanical shaker, and homogenizer-sonicator, were compared. The results were complex in that several interactions were found among analyte, method, and solvent. Acetonitrile was superior to methanol for RDX and HMX from the perspectives of kinetics and recovery, due in part to a much higher solubility. The Soxhlet and ultrasonic bath generally recovered more than the homogenizer or shaker, although a complicating factor was that all techniques were not necessarily at equilibrium. In terms of sample throughout, the ultrasonic bath and shaker offer advantages over the Soxhlet and homogenizer-sonicator. The ultrasonic bath generally approached equilibrium more rapidly than the shaker, so it appears to be the best overall choice. A spike-recovery study using fortified soil and the sonic bath method yielded complete recoveries of TNT and RDX at 1.6 and 2.3 ..mu..g/g, respectively.
- Research Organization:
- Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab., Hanover, NH
- OSTI ID:
- 6559592
- Journal Information:
- Anal. Chem.; (United States), Journal Name: Anal. Chem.; (United States) Vol. 59:9; ISSN ANCHA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
400105* -- Separation Procedures
510200 -- Environment
Terrestrial-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ACETONITRILE
ALCOHOLS
AZINES
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES
CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
DATA
EQUIPMENT
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
EXPLOSIVES
EXTRACTION
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
KINETICS
METHANOL
MILITARY EQUIPMENT
NITRILES
NITRO COMPOUNDS
NITROBENZENE
NUMERICAL DATA
ORDNANCE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
REACTION KINETICS
RESIDUES
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOILS
SOLUBILITY
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
SOLVENT PROPERTIES
TNT
TRIAZINES