Urban--nonurban relationships of halocarbons, SF/sub 6/, N/sub 2/O, and other atmospheric trace constituents

Journal Article · Sat Jan 01 04:00:00 EST 1977 · Atmos. Environ.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(77)90044-0· OSTI ID:6543268

Singh, H B; Salas, L; Shigeishi, H; Crawford, A

This paper presents the May 1976 northern hemispheric continental United States background concentrations (ppT) of CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ (203.5), CCl/sub 3/F (115.6), CHCl/sub 2/F (14.2), CCl/sub 2/FCClF/sub 2/ (19.9), SF/sub 6/ (0.24), CCl/sub 4/ (113.9), CHCl/sub 3/ (17.1), CH/sub 3/Cl (713.0), CH/sub 3/I (9.2), CH/sub 3/Br (4.7), CH/sub 3/CCl/sub 3/ (98.8), CCl/sub 2/CCl/sub 2/ (30.7), CHClCCl/sub 2/ (15.6), COCl/sub 2/ (21.7), and N/sub 2/O (311.6 x 10/sup 3/). The data also indicate that the ambient burden of CCl/sub 2/F/sub 2/ and CCl/sub 3/F increased at a average rate of 1.6 ppT per month (11% per year) and 1.3 ppT per month (15% per year), respectively, during the first half of 1976. In addition, the urban--nonurban relationships of these and other pollutants (NO, NO/sub 2/, TNMHC, O/sub 3/, CH/sub 4/ and CO) have been discussed based on a total of six short-term field studies conducted in California at both urban and clean air locations. Significant concentration gradients of CHCl/sub 3/, CH/sub 3/Cl, CH/sub 3/I and CH/sub 3/Br between marine and continental air masses suggest a marine source. In the case of CHCl/sub 3/ this gradient has been attributed to coastal water contamination. Seasonal variations of CH/sub 3/I and probably CH/sub 3/Br are found to exist in the marine environment. N/sub 2/O and CCl/sub 4/ are found to be relatively uniformly distributed with no significant temporal or spatial variation. From our data, the contribution of fluorinated species to the tropospheric chlorine budget (northern hemisphere) in 1976 is found to be about 33% which is comparable to a 28% natural chlorine contribution due solely to CH/sub 3/Cl.

• Research Organization: Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, CA
• OSTI ID: 6543268
• Journal Information: Atmos. Environ.; (United States), Journal Name: Atmos. Environ.; (United States) Vol. 11:9; ISSN ATENB
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

500200* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
AIR POLLUTION
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHALCOGENIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
ELEMENTS
FLUORIDES
FLUORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
FREONS
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HALOGENS
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
NITROUS OXIDE
NONMETALS
NORTH AMERICA
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
REFRIGERANTS
RURAL AREAS
SEASONAL VARIATIONS
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR FLUORIDES
URBAN AREAS
USA
VARIATIONS