Toxicity of copper to cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) under different conditions of alkalinity, pH, and hardness
Journal Article
·
· Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States)
Median lethal concentration (96-h lc50) values for acute copper toxicity to 3-10 g cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) have been determined for nine different combinations of alkalinity, hardness, and pH. Equilibrium calculations were performed on the copper lc50 values; seven different soluble species of copper were considered: Cu/sup +2/, CuOH/sup +/, Cu(OH)/sub 2/, Cu/sub 2/(OH)/sub 2//sup +2/, CuHCO/sub 3//sup +/, CuCO/sub 3/, and Cu(CO/sub 3/)/sub 2//sup -2/. The acute toxicity of copper was inversely correlated with water hardness and alkalinity. At a given alkalinity, hardness determined the lc50. At a given alkalinity and hardness, the concentrations of the copper species were determined by the pH of the water. Under the conditions tested, Cu/sup +2/, CuOH/sup +/, Cu(OH)/sub 2/ and Cu/sub 2/(CO/sub 3/)/sub 2//sup -2/ were not toxic. Results of 1196-h copper toxicity bioassays on 1- to 26-g rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) under uniform water chemistry conditions are also reported.
- OSTI ID:
- 6534785
- Journal Information:
- Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States), Journal Name: Environ. Sci. Technol.; (United States) Vol. 13:2; ISSN ESTHA
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
520200 -- Environment
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
560305* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Vertebrates-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
BIOASSAY
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBONATES
CHEMISTRY
COPPER CARBONATES
COPPER COMPOUNDS
COPPER HYDROXIDES
DOSES
FISHES
HARDNESS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXIDES
LETHAL DOSES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PH VALUE
POLLUTION
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TROUT
VERTEBRATES
WATER CHEMISTRY
WATER POLLUTION
Aquatic-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (-1989)
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
560305* -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology-- Vertebrates-- (-1987)
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
BIOASSAY
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBONATES
CHEMISTRY
COPPER CARBONATES
COPPER COMPOUNDS
COPPER HYDROXIDES
DOSES
FISHES
HARDNESS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXIDES
LETHAL DOSES
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PH VALUE
POLLUTION
TOXICITY
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TROUT
VERTEBRATES
WATER CHEMISTRY
WATER POLLUTION