High counting rate resistive-plate chamber
Parallel-plate avalanche chambers (PPAC) are widely used in physics experiments because they are fast (<1 ns) and have very simple construction: just two parallel metallic plates or mesh electrodes. Depending on the applied voltage they may work either in spark mode or avalanche mode. The advantage of the spark mode of operation is a large signal amplitude from the chamber, the disadvantage is that there is a large dead time (msec) for the entire chamber after an event. The main advantage of the avalanche mode is high rate capability 10[sup 5] counts/mm[sup 2]. A resistive-plate chamber (RPC) is similar to the PPAC in construction except that one or both of the electrodes are made from high resistivity ([ge]10[sup 10] [Omega][center dot]cm) materials. In practice RPCs are usually used in the spark mode. Resistive electrodes are charged by sparks, locally reducing the actual electric field in the gap. The size of the charged surface is about 10 mm[sup 2], leaving the rest of the detector unaffected. Therefore, the rate capability of such detectors in the spark mode is considerably higher than conventional spark counters. Among the different glasses tested the best results were obtained with electron type conductive glasses, which obey Ohm's law. Most of the work with such glasses was done with high pressure parallel-plate chambers (10 atm) for time-of-flight measurements. Resistive glasses have been expensive and produced only in small quantities. Now resistive glasses are commercially available, although they are still expensive in small scale production. From the positive experience of different groups working with the resistive glasses, it was decided to review the old idea to use this glass for the RPC. This work has investigated the possibility of using the RPC at 1 atm and in the avalanche mode. This has several advantages: simplicity of construction, high rate capability, low voltage operation, and the ability to work with non-flammable gases.
- Research Organization:
- Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-76CH03000
- OSTI ID:
- 6532769
- Report Number(s):
- FNAL-TM-1838; ON: DE93014928
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
GAS TRACK DETECTORS
FABRICATION
PERFORMANCE TESTING
AVALANCHE QUENCHING
DEAD TIME
ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
GLASS
SPARK COUNTERS
TOWNSEND DISCHARGE
ELECTRIC DISCHARGES
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
RADIATION DETECTORS
TESTING
TIMING PROPERTIES
440104* - Radiation Instrumentation- High Energy Physics Instrumentation