Cement kiln NO[sub x] control

Journal Article · · IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/CITCON.1993.296981· OSTI ID:6531728

McQueen, A T; Bortz, S J; Hatch, M S; Leonard, R L ^[1]

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1. Radian Corp., Irvine, CA (United States)

Control of NO[sub x] emissions from combustion sources has become an important issue in recent years, particularly in the ozone nonattainment areas of California. Cement kilns represent an important source of NO[sub x] emissions, and they either have already been regulated or are being considered for future regulations. The development of NO[sub x] controls for cement kilns is not a trivial problem, and many different control methods have been tried over the last 15--20 years, many of which have failed. However, recently progress has been made, and additional novel ideas are being pursued. This paper presents the results of a critical analysis of the state-of-the-art in cement kiln NO[sub x] control. A survey of current and anticipated cement kiln NO[sub x] regulations, NO[sub x] formation mechanisms, and common NO[sub x] control technologies (as applied to boilers) is presented. Cement kiln features relating to NO[sub x] control, such as combustion characteristics and temperature and residence time profiles, are outlined. A comparison is made of NO[sub x] control technologies applicable to cement kilns; these include combustion modifications, low NO[sub x] burners, staged combustion, selective noncatalytic reduction, and selective catalytic reduction. The criteria for comparing these NO[sub x] control technologies include the principle of operation, technical feasibility, potential NO[sub x] reduction, relative cost, and most importantly, the potential effects on clinker quality. Finally, conclusions and future directions in cement kiln NO[sub x] control are discussed.

• OSTI ID: 6531728
• Journal Information: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States), Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States) Vol. 31:1; ISSN 0093-9994; ISSN ITIACR
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
540120* -- Environment
Atmospheric-- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport-- (1990-)
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
CHALCOGENIDES
CONTROL
EQUIPMENT
KILNS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT