Distribution and chloramphenicol in the bovine genital tract and pharmacokinetic studies of florfenicol in cattle
The objectives were to investigate selected aspects of the distribution of chloramphenicol (CAP) in the bovine genital tract and to conduct preliminary pharmacologic studies with florfenicol (FLO), a fluorinated analogue of thiamphenicol, in cattle. After 8 hours' continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of CAP to 7 postpartum cows, steady state plasma-to-genital tissue ratios of CAP were approximately 3. After intrauterine infusion of 20 mg CAP/kg to 3 postpartum cows, approximately 40% of the dose was absorbed into the bloodstream. Tissue concentrations were high at 8 hour postdosing in tissues lining the uterine lumen but were below desired therapeutic concentrations in the myometrium of 2 of the cows. Eighty cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) were assigned to receive on the following treatments: (1) removal of membranes only; (2) removal plus CAP; (3) nonremoval; (4) nonremoval plus CAP. CAP treatment consisted of 5 g administered IU twice daily for 3 days. The majority of cows in all groups acquired endometritis, although CAP reduced the prevalence and severity of the disease. A quantitative assay for FLO in plasma was developed and validated on a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system. The pharmacokinetics of FLO determined after IV administration of 50 mg FLO/kg to 5 cows were best described by a three-compartment model. FLO was approximately 18% bound to plasma proteins as determined by equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. In an in vitro system, 5, 125, or 1000 ug/ml of CAP had no effect on neutrophils from 6 cows.
- Research Organization:
- Illinois Univ., Urbana (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6520661
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Thesis (Ph. D.)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ANTIBIOTICS
PHARMACOLOGY
PHOSPHORUS 32
PHAGOCYTOSIS
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
CATTLE
CHLORAMPHENICOL
FEMALE GENITALS
FETAL MEMBRANES
LIQUID COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY
NEUTROPHILS
ANIMALS
ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS
BACTERIA
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BODY
BODY FLUIDS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
DRUGS
ISOTOPES
LEUKOCYTES
LIGHT NUCLEI
MAMMALS
MATERIALS
MEMBRANES
MICROORGANISMS
NUCLEI
ODD-ODD NUCLEI
ORGANS
PHOSPHORUS ISOTOPES
RADIOISOTOPES
RUMINANTS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
VERTEBRATES
551001* - Physiological Systems- Tracer Techniques