Cytogenetic studies of lung cells following inhalation of fly ash, chemical mutagens, and effluents from power-related industry
To evaluate the potential health effects of airborne pollutants we have (1) developed systems to expose animals to aerosols, (2) measured genetic change in animals after in vivo exposure, (3) measured genetic change induced in well-developed in vitro cell systems and (4) developed model cell systems from the respiratory tract for use in toxicology testing. Exposure systems were developed to expose rodents to benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) aerosols. Chinese hamsters were exposed by inhalation to the B(a)P aerosol and deposition, retention and dose were determined. Chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were measured in the bone marrow, in liver and in cells recovered by lung lavage. To test complex mixtures we used three endpoints: cell killing, sister chromatid exchange and mutation induction. These endpoints were measured in vitro in CH cells for a range of known mutagens and for complex mixtures. Since lung and tracheal cells are the target cells for inhalation exposure, in vitro model systems for these cells were developed. Primary lung cell cultures were used to detect the frequency of spontaneous and induced SCEs in the lung following exposure to either direct or indirect acting mutagens. Tracheal epithelial cells can grow on a collagen gel substrate. These rapidly growing cells provide a second useful model. The cells were evaluated for changes in morphologyand collagenase activity following treatment with tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (PDD). We developed and characterized a type II lung epithelial cell (LEC) line. This model cell system can synthesize surfactant and activate promutagens. The morphological and karyotypic characteristics were determined. Lung epithelial cells grow on an air/collagen interface and thus can be used to test the toxicity of gaseous pollutants. The cells were exposed to NO/sub 2/ and cell killing response evaluated.
- Research Organization:
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM (USA). Inhalation Toxicology Research Inst.
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-76EV01013
- OSTI ID:
- 6489827
- Report Number(s):
- LMF-100; ON: DE83007112
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Portions are illegible in microfiche products. Original copy available until stock is exhausted
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
The induction of sister chromatid exchanges by environmental pollutants: relationship of SCE to other measures of genetic damage
Contribution of chlorination to the mutagenic activity of drinking water extracts in Salmonella and Chinese hamster ovary cells
Related Subjects
ANIMAL CELLS
CELL KILLING
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES
SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES
MUTAGENS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
AEROSOLS
BENZOPYRENE
CELL CULTURES
HAMSTERS
IN VITRO
LUNGS
MUTAGENESIS
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
PHORBOL ESTERS
TRACHEA
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
BODY
CARCINOGENS
CHALCOGENIDES
COLLOIDS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
DISPERSIONS
ESTERS
HYDROCARBONS
MAMMALS
MUTATIONS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SOLS
VERTEBRATES
560301* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987)