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Buildup factors of gamma rays including Bremsstrahlung and annihilation radiation for water, concrete, iron, and lead

Journal Article · · Nucl. Sci. Eng.; (United States)
OSTI ID:6462549
;
Gamma-ray exposure buildup factors are calculated using a discrete ordinates direct integration code, PALLAS-PL, SP-Br, for water, concrete, iron, and lead, typifying materials of low, medium, and high atomic number. The radiation sources considered were both plane, at normal incidence, and at plane-isotropic. These data include the effects of secondary photon sources arising from Compton scattering, bremsstrahlung, and annihilation. Inclusion of a bremsstrahlung source influences the exposure buildup factors for highenergy photons in materials of high atomic number. The calculational accuracy is verified by comparing the PALLAS calculations with the results of experiments with both the energy spectrum and the attenuation dose transmitted through lead where the source is a plane isotropically incident 6.2-MeV gamma ray or a plane normally incident about8-MeV gamma ray. Comparisons are also made with other calculations of exposure buildup factors in water for a 0.5- and a 3.0-MeV plane normally incident source. The calculated buildup factors in each material are tabulated for incident energies of 0.1 to 15 MeV (except for lead where the lower energy is 0.4 MeV) and for penetration depths as great as 40 mfp.
Research Organization:
Ship Research Inst., Ibaraki-ken
OSTI ID:
6462549
Journal Information:
Nucl. Sci. Eng.; (United States), Journal Name: Nucl. Sci. Eng.; (United States) Vol. 87:4; ISSN NSENA
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
360106* -- Metals & Alloys-- Radiation Effects
360605 -- Materials-- Radiation Effects
ACCURACY
ANNIHILATION
ATOMIC NUMBER
BASIC INTERACTIONS
BREMSSTRAHLUNG
BUILDING MATERIALS
BUILDUP
COMPTON EFFECT
COMPUTER CODES
CONCRETES
DEPTH
DIMENSIONS
ELASTIC SCATTERING
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
ELEMENTS
ENERGY RANGE
GAMMA RADIATION
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INTERACTIONS
IONIZING RADIATIONS
IRON
ISOTROPY
LEAD
MASSLESS PARTICLES
MATERIALS
METALS
MEV RANGE
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
P CODES
PHOTONS
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
SCATTERING
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
WATER