Response of rodents to inhaled diluted diesel exhaust: biochemical and cytological changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in lung tissue

Journal Article · Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 1988 · Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(88)90119-4· OSTI ID:6459098

Henderson, R F; Pickrell, J A; Jones, R K; Sun, J D; Benson, J M; Mauderly, J L; McClellan, R O

The effect of long-term (24 months) inhalation of diesel exhaust on the bronchoalveolar region of the respiratory tract of rodents was assessed by serial (every 6 months) analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and of lung tissue from F344/Crl rats and CD-1 mice (both sexes) exposed to diesel exhaust diluted to contain 0, 0.35, 3.5, or 7.0 mg soot/m3. The purpose of the study was twofold. One was to assess the potential health effects of inhaling diluted exhaust from light-duty diesel engines. The second was to determine the usefulness of BALF analysis in detecting the early stages in the development of nononcogenic lung disease and differentiating them from the normal repair processes. No biochemical or cytological changes in BALF or in lung tissue were noted in either species exposed to the lowest, and most environmentally relevant, concentration of diesel exhaust. In the two higher levels of exposure, a chronic inflammatory response was measured in both species by dose-dependent increases in inflammatory cells, cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes, and protein in BALF. Histologically, after 1 year of exposure, the rats had developed focal areas of fibrosis associated with the deposits of soot, while the mice, despite a higher lung burden of soot than the rats, had only a fine fibrillar thickening of an occasional alveolar septa in the high-level exposure group. Higher increases in BALF beta-glucuronidase activity and in hydroxyproline content accompanied the greater degree of fibrosis in the rat. BALF levels of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase activity increased in a dose-dependent fashion and were higher in mice than in rats. Lung tissue GSH was depleted in a dose-dependent fashion in rats but was slightly increased in mice.

• Research Organization: Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM (USA)
• OSTI ID: 6459098
• Journal Information: Fundam. Appl. Toxicol.; (United States), Vol. 11:3
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DIESEL ENGINES
EXHAUST GASES
TOXICITY
LUNGS
FIBROSIS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
PATHOGENESIS
BRONCHI
COLLAGEN
CYTOPLASM
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
GENETIC VARIABILITY
GLUCURONIDASE
GLUTATHIONE
HYDROXYPROLINE
INHALATION
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE
LAVAGE
LYSOSOMES
MICE
RATS
AMINES
AMINO ACIDS
ANIMALS
AZOLES
BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY
BODY
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CELL CONSTITUENTS
DISEASES
DRUGS
ENGINES
ENZYMES
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
HEAT ENGINES
HEMIACETAL DEHYDROGENASES
HETEROCYCLIC ACIDS
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROLASES
HYDROXY ACIDS
INTAKE
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
MAMMALS
O-GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANOIDS
ORGANS
OXIDOREDUCTASES
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
PEPTIDES
POLYPEPTIDES
PROTEINS
PYRROLES
PYRROLIDINES
RADIOPROTECTIVE SUBSTANCES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RODENTS
SCLEROPROTEINS
VERTEBRATES
WASTES
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
550900 - Pathology