Atmospheric neutron and gamma ray fluxes and energy spectra at balloon altitude
Thesis/Dissertation
·
OSTI ID:6428048
The energy spectra and fluxes of atmospheric neutrons and gamma-rays have been measured with a time-of-flight (TOF) system using organic liquid scintillators, from two balloon flights at atmospheric depth of about 4.5 g/cm/sup 2/ over Palestine, Texas lambda = 42/sup 0/N). The detector consists of two banks of six NE213 liquid scintillators, each 7.6 cm x 7.6 cm. The two banks are separated by 75 cm with a TOF system between the two banks to measure upward or downward moving particles. Pulse shape discrimination is included on each NE213 scintillator to discriminate between neutrons and gamma-rays. This detector has been calibrated at several neutron energies to determine the efficiency both as function of energy and direction of the incident neutrons. For gamma-rays, both the analytical and the Monte Carlo methods are used to calculate the efficiency. The measured neutron leakage current is 3.3 x 10/sup -3/ from 10 less than or equal to En < 15 MeV, 7.8 x 10/sup -4/ from 15 less than or equal to En < 30 MeV and 4.8 x 10/sup -4/ (neutron/cm/sup 2/-sec-MeV) from 30 less than or equal to En less than or equal to 60 MeV. The total downward gamma-ray flux from 2 MeV to 6 MeV at 3.5 g cm/sup -2/ is given by 0.012E/sup -1/ /sup 5/ (photons/cm/sup 2/-sec-sr-MeV). The upward moving gamma-ray flux at 4 g cm/sup -2/ from 2 MeV to 10 MeV is .063E/sup -1/ /sup 8/ (photons/cm/sup 2/-sec-sr-MeV).
- Research Organization:
- New Hampshire Univ., Durham (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6428048
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
640200* -- Atmospheric Physics
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
AIRSHIPS
BALLOONS
CURRENTS
EARTH ATMOSPHERE
ELECTRIC CURRENTS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ENERGY RANGE
ENERGY SPECTRA
GAMMA RADIATION
IONIZING RADIATIONS
LEAKAGE CURRENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MEV RANGE
MEV RANGE 01-10
MONTE CARLO METHOD
NEUTRON FLUX
NEUTRON LEAKAGE
RADIATION DETECTORS
RADIATION FLUX
RADIATIONS
SCINTILLATION COUNTERS
SPECTRA
TIME-OF-FLIGHT METHOD
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
AIRSHIPS
BALLOONS
CURRENTS
EARTH ATMOSPHERE
ELECTRIC CURRENTS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ENERGY RANGE
ENERGY SPECTRA
GAMMA RADIATION
IONIZING RADIATIONS
LEAKAGE CURRENT
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MEV RANGE
MEV RANGE 01-10
MONTE CARLO METHOD
NEUTRON FLUX
NEUTRON LEAKAGE
RADIATION DETECTORS
RADIATION FLUX
RADIATIONS
SCINTILLATION COUNTERS
SPECTRA
TIME-OF-FLIGHT METHOD